50th Anniversary of UNHCR. (2000-16)

In the year 2000, the Office of the UN High Commissioner for Refugees observes its 50th Anniversary. In 2001, the UN Convention on the Status of Refugees will be 50 year old. The longevity of the UN\'s efforts on behalf of refugees is not in itself a cause for celebration. What we could be proud of, is our ability to offer refugees educational and other opportunities, and the means to achieve these opportunities. This will help them not to be a burden, and not be seen as one. It will also help them make positive contributions to the communities giving them asylum or - upon return to their countries of origin. Their courage, determination and the contribution they have made to society throughout the world deserves respect and should be celebrated.
Over the years, Pakistan has been an exemplary asylum country, which in the true spirit of Islamic generosity has hosted one of the world\'s largest and oldest refugee groups. The government and the people of Pakistan have made enormous sacrifices to accommodate the massive influx of refuges from war-torn Afghanistan.
The commitment and co-operation of the government of Pakistan has made it possible to avert a tragedy by providing protection, and together with others, delivering urgent humanitarian assistance to the Afghani refugees. Although many Afghans have been able to return home, more than 1.2 million Afghan refugees remain in Pakistan.
The issuance of these special stamps to commemorate the 50th anniversary of UNHCR and the UN Convention on the Status of Refugees is yet another sign of Pakistan\'s continued support for the work of UNHCR and commitment to the institution of asylum.
To commemorate the 50the Anniversary of United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, Pakistan Post Office is issuing a commemorative postage stamp of Rs. 2/-denomination on December 14, 2000.

A World Without Polio. (2000-15)

Paralytic Polio is caused by a virus which attacks the nerves in the spinal cord, culling off the impulse from the brain to the muscles and causing the affected muscle fibers to shrivel and die. The polio virus has only human beings as host. Inexpensive oral polio vaccine - OPV - can stop the virus and eradicate the dreaded disease of poliomyelitis for ever.
When the polio virus, the world\'s greatest crippler of children, is eradicated, the humanitarian and financial benefits ($ 1.5 billion annually) will be enormous.
Through immunization, great progress has been made in the war on polio. Allied in this cause are National Health Ministries and their workers, Rotary International, the World Health Organization (WHO), the United Nations 3 Children\'s Fund (UNICEF), Donor Governments, Non Governmental Organizations 3 (NGO5), Specialized agencies such as the US Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and hundreds and thousands of Volunteers.
Extraordinary measures are needed to eradicate the polio virus. High level of routine immunization must be supplemented by (1) National Immunization Days (NIDs) (2) Rigorous Surveillance to determine where the polio virus still circulates(3) Laboratory support and (4) Mop up operations where pockets of disease remain.
Rotary International and PolioPlus.
In 1985, Rotary created PolioPlus - a program to immunize all the world\'s children against polio by 2005 - Rotary\'s centennial PolioPlus is one of the most ambitious humanitarian undertakings made by a private entity ever. It will serve as a paradigm for private/public collaborations in the fight against disease well into the next century.
Rotary\'s PolioPlus program is a shining example of the achievements made by cooperation between the United Nations and non-governmental Kofi Annan, Secretary General, United Nations. Rotary International began in Chicago in 1905. It is the oldest and one of the largest non-profit service organizations in the world. It is comprised of 1.2 million members working in over 29,700 Clubs in 163 countries. Rotary memben initiate community projects that address many of today\'s most critical issue such as violence, AIDS, hunger, the environment and health care.
How is Rotary involved in the global polio eradication effort?
Financially: In 1985, Rotary was recognized by WHO as a non-governmental organization working in the field of international health. In the same year, Rotary set a goal to raise $ 120 million to provide the oral polio vaccine (OPV) to newborns in the developing world. When the campaign ended, Rotary has doubled its goal, collecting more than $ 247 million. Todate, Rotary has contributed US$ 385 million to the protection of nearly two billion children. By 2005, Rotary\'s financial commitment will reach a half billion US dollars.
Pakistan has received US $ 12 million upto now as Rotary\'s contribution to support the Government\'s efforts to eradicate Polio from Pakistan.
On the ground assistance: With its community-based network worldwide, Rotary is the volunteer arm of the global partnership dedicated to eradicating polio. Rotary volunteers assist in vaccine delivery, social mobilization and logistically help in cooperation with the National Health Ministries, WHO, UNICEF and the U.S Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Rotarians\' volunteer efforts were instrumental in the eradication of polio from the Western Hemisphere, certified polio-free in 1994.
Global Advocacy: With the end of polio in sight, the eradication campaign enters the most difficult leg of the journey involving the poorest regions of the world. Rotary\'s Polio Eradication Advocacy Task Force successfully reaches out to governments worldwide to obtain vital financial and technical support needed to reach the goal of a polio-free 21st century. And Rotary\'s efforts have paid off. Countries such as Canada, Australia, Denmark, Japan, United Kingdom and the United States are major financial donors to this historic health initiative
The world stands on the threshold of victory. Rotary is making sure that donor nations and other sources must commit - NOW - the financial and technical resources needed to complete the job of eradicating polio. If we seize the opportunity, polio will join small pox as the second major disease to be eliminated from the face of the earth.
What finer gift to the children of the world in the new century than to relegate the ancient scourge of polio to history\'s dustbin.
Courtesy:Ministry of Health Government of Pakistan.
To commemorate the occasion Pakistan Post Office is issuing a commemorative Postage stamp of Rs. 2/- denomination on December 13, 2000.

Medicinal Plants of Pakistan. (2000-14)

Pakistan is endowed with the wealth of medicinal plants. These are the natural botanical source of medicines being manufactured by indigenous pharmaceutical houses in Pakistan. These are also the basic source of modern pharmaceutical market, although today it has become an entire world of synthetics, with elevated prices a common man can not afford. It is, therefore, the most appropriate time to consider development and organization of our medicinal plants industry to become independent in the provision of common indigenous natural drugs that are being used to treat diseases in most of our rural areas. In our country there are grown wild or cultivated medicinal plants species which possess great potentient in Greco-Arab (Unani or Eastern) system of medicine but also in the light of active principles or biodynamic compounds being isolated from the using ultra modern screening techniques available in our country.
Glycyrrhiza glabra Linn, Mulathi/Liquorice: Included in family papilionaceae, it is a perennial herb or under shrub distributed in the subtropical and warm temperate regions of the world, particularly in the Mediterranean countries. Liquorice is the dried underground stem and root with sweetish taste used in Unani medicines in the form of extract, powder, decoction infusion or lozenges. Pharmacologically glycyrrhiza has pectoral, demulcent, diuretic, deepurative, alternative, elexipharmic, expectorant, emollient actions and a common flavouring, sweetening agent.
To focus the attention of public on natural botanical sources of medicines Pakistan Post Office is issuing a special postage stamp of Rs. 2/- denomination on November 28, 2000

IDEAS-2000 (International Defence Exhibition and Seminar) (2000-13)

This stamp commemorates the first Commercial Exhibition of an International dimension held in Pakistan. It signifies the efforts by the Government of Pakistan for channelising and focusing the activities of manufacturers including those in the defence sector toward exports. IDEAS - 2000 provides a platform for Pakistan and foreign defence manufacturers to display their products to a wide range of visitors including delegations and trade professionals with its theme \"Arms For Peace\". IDEAS - 2000 is a reflection of Pakistan\'s desire to promote international peace and stability through deterrence.
To commemorate the occasion Pakistan Post Office is issuing a commemorative Postage stamp of Rs. 7/- denomination on November 14, 2000.

Creating The Future, Conference. (2000-12)

We have just witnessed the dawning of a new era, of a new millennium, of the 21sf century. It is a well known fact that the driving force for the 21st century is knowledge. At a time when the rest of the world has transformed, Pakistan still remains far behind in every sphere. The need of the hour is education, as it is education which has the power to transform every society and the individual that comprise it. \'Creating the Future\' is a step in that direction. Breakneck rate of innovations and ever reducing distances are bringing about a revolution in our perceptions. No more can we distance ourselves from the events unfolding around us and afford to close our eyes to the reality. In order to catch up we need a tremendous effort given the head start that the others already have on us.
In response to this challenge Sensei International and The NEWS bring to Pakistan an exciting event called \"Creating the Future\" on November 3rd and 4th 2000. This is a conference which provides the Pakistani business world a unique opportunity to discover the latest approaches being adopted by business leaders around the world. The conference showcases leaders in various management disciplines such as Information Technology, Sales, Human Resources and Marketing.
This event did not just happen overnight. In March 1999, Sensei International organised a unique event in Colombo, Sri Lanka. The event was aptly entitled \"Creating the Future\". The concept of this program was to bring on one platform leaders of various management disciplines so that the audience could get a glimpse of cuffing edge developments in these fields from all over the world.
The success of \"Creating the Future\" in Colombo spurred Sensei to bring this unique conference to Pakistan. An event of this magnitude required Sensei to partner with another like minded organisation who had a similar interest in opening a window to the world for the Pakistani corporate environment. The \"NEWS\" was a natural choice for this partnership. Thus \"Creating the Future\" for Pakistan was set to be launched.
The speakers of this event are people of international repute who have a proven track record in their various fields. The speakers are:
Mr. Hermawan Kartajaya - Mr. Kartajaya has recently published a book co-authored with Philip Kotler entitled \"Repositioning Asia: From Bubble to Sustainable Economy\". He is the Leading Service Officer of Mark Plus Strategy Consulting, a firm based in Indonesia, which he founded in 1989. Mr. Kartajaya is the President of Indonesia Marketing Association (1996-1999 and 1999-2000) and the Vice Chairman and one of only 12 members of the World Marketing Association (WMA) council, to which he proposed a paper for a worldwide re-definition of marketing. Bob Urichuck - Mr. Urichuck is an international speaker, trainer and consultant. As an advocate of constant improvement and cultivator of human potential for organisations and individuals, Bob\'s mission over the past 25 years has been to inspire, educate and empower people and organisations, to significantly increase their performance capability while constantly improving the quality of their lives and the lives of others with whom they come in contact. Building on his past experience as a successful entrepreneur and sales professional, Bob\'s present work as a sales and performance consultant has made him a sought-after speaker and trainer across Canada, the United States and Asia.
Tom Burns - Mr. Burns joined Intel Corporation in 1979 in their Embedded Controller Group. In 1981 he was transferred to Intel Japan for two and a half years where he was responsible for growing the embedded controller market. Upon his return to the US he held various marketing and management roles in the Automotive and Smart Card division of Intel. After another stint in Japan, in 1995 he took an assignment with Intel Asia Pacific in Hong Kong. He has been manager of the Intel Insider Program and Intel\'s Retail and Reseller program. In 1997 he took on the additional responsibility of running Intel\'s Internet Websites. Late in 1997 he started the Regional Content Group which he currently manages.
Alan Davidson - Mr. Davidson is the Leadership and Supervisory
Development Manager overseeing Europe and the Middle East for one of the world\'s most admired company 3M. This is a company that pushes for regeneration and re-energizing its people, processes and policies. Alan\'s 3M experience spans Europe, USA, Middle East, South Asia, Far East and more.
Omar S. Khan - Mr. Omar Khan is the Senior Partner of Sensei International and has consulted and trained on peak performance for numerous companies including \"Fortune 500\" companies, Olympic Athletes, CEO\'s, Clergy and many more from different backgrounds and from various parts of the world. It was his vision that made a small consulting firm from Pakistan into a multi-national business with offices in Pakistan, Dubai, Sri Lanka, Singapore, UK and Canada. Omar read his B.A, M.A at Oxford University. After further studies at Stanford Law School in the USA, he trained in the break through science of NLP in which he is now a globally acknowledged expert. Omar has recently published a book entitled \"Synergy\".
With a mix of speakers like above, we hope that \"Creating the Future\" will spur many a minds to rethink their present strategy and change existing paradigms, thus hopefully germinating the seed of corporate revolution in Pakistan. We hope that this event will prove be a milestone in transforming our country and putting it on thc path of progress and prosperity. Courtesy: The \"News\", Karachi.
To commemorate the occasion Pakistan Post Office is issuing a commemorative Postage stamp of Rs. 5/- denomination on November 4, 2000.

125 Years of Excellence, National College of Arts, Lahore. (2000-11)

Like all old institutions, the National College of Arts, has a historical tradition. Much of its present tone was set long when it was known as the Mayo School of Arts. Gazetteers written about the city of Lahore in 1915 describe the work being done at the school as one of the cultural highlights of the urban center.
A teacher of painting and sculpture Lockwood Kipling, working then in Bombay, school of arts and crafts was appointed its first Principal parallel to his charge of the Curator of the Lahore Museum.
The Mayo School was intended to be a technical college in the beginning. Lockwood Kipling the curator-Principal allowed the functions of the museum and the school to merge in a creative manner.
The school had proper workshops equipped with tools and machines. In 1902 four large machine workshops and photolithographic studio were already functioning. By 1911, nearly a lakh of rupees worth of machinery and tools were being operated in the school for such diverse crafts as jewelry, cotton-printing, bookbinding, cabinet making, light-metal work, carpentry and blacksmithy.
By 1915 the work done at the school was recognized all over India and also in England. The principal works executed by its craftsmen were thus located:
Wood-carving, plaster-work and interior in Barnes Court, Simla; Government House, Lahore; Circuit House, designs for amphitheater at the Delhi Darbar; execution of decorative work including carpets and shamianas of gold thread and repusse metal work and designs for the Law and Oriental Colleges, Lahore; design and decorative work in plaster for the new Railway Theatre, Lahore; a carved console table for Government House, Lahore; Punjab carving for the Billiard Room of Bag shot Park, England for the Duke of Connaught; an eight canon stalls for the Lefory Memorial in Lahore Cantonment\'s Church.
In 1958 the school was upgraded by the then West Pakistan Government into the National College of Arts. The craft and industry oriented structure of the school, which has provided much needed early nurturance to such diverse occupations as carpentry lacquer-work btacksmI1~V, goldsmithy, silversmithy, pottery, needlework, architectural draftsmanship, sanitation, plumbing, civil engineering and commercial art, was updated and confined to three departments Fine Arts, Design and Architecture.
The changed structure of the College allowed proper focus on Fine Arts. The department began to train new talent in modern and traditional painting, graphic art and sculpture. The Department of Design began to turn out professionals textile design. Publicity Design, Product Design and Ceramics. The rapidly growing demand in the building sector for architects began to be met by the College, together with other professional universities of the country. In 1963, the Government recognized the College as the premier arts institution in Pakistan, was taken away from the Department of Industries and placed under the Education Department with its own Board of Governors. The new policy in 1972 further recognized the achievements of the college and planned its development into a center of Excellence in the Visual Arts. A high-powered Board of Governors was constituted to ensure a measure of autonomy under the Federal Ministry of Education.
The College specializes in production of a certain kind of artistic work, which at once satisfies the creative demands of a work of art and the more pragmatic requirements of a profession. One of the leading architects of Pakistan, Nayyar Ali Dada, an old student and a member of the Board of Governors of the College combines the talents of an architect with facility of drawing.
This capacity of the college graduates to apply art to specific projects has allowed them to take on projects in various fields. They have helped design primary school buildings and produce new building material for construction. They prepared a visual study of the indigenous architecture of Pakistan for the Aga Khan Award for Architecture ceremonies, Lahore.
Since 1963 when the present college was invested with a new arts structure, it has carried courses in three departments, Architecture, Fine Arts and Design. All these courses are professional and enable the graduate to relate his talent to the job market.
In 1985, through an ordinance the college has been granted the status of an autonomous degree awarding institution and now awards Bachelor Degrees in Fine Arts, Design and Architecture. The ordinance also empowers the institution to institute postgraduate programmes in the field of Visual Arts. Some of these programmes are at the planning stage now. An MA (Hon) in Visual Arts and M.Phil in Communication and Cultural Studies have started from this year. It is hoped that post graduate programmers will lead NCA to realize its potential as a Center for Excellence in Visual arts in Pakistan.
Courtesy: National College of Arts Lahore
To commemorate the 125th Anniversary of the National College of Arts Lahore Pakistan Post Office is issuing a commemorative Postage stamp of Ps. 5/- denomination on October 28, 2000.

XXVII Olympic Games- SYDNEY-2000. (2000-10)

The Islamic Republic of Pakistan came into being in 1947 after independence with the withdrawal of Great Britain from its Indian Empire. Its area is 801,400 square km. with a population of 117,490,000 (in 1991). The capital of Pakistan is Islamabad. The languages are Urdu, English (both official), Punjabi, Sindhi, Pashtu Baluchi and Brahvi. The religions are Sunni Muslims 77% and Shiite Muslims 23%.

The Pakistan Olympic Association was founded in 1947 and recognised by the International Olympic Committee the same year. Pakistani players first competed at the London Olympic Games in 1948. They did not attend the 1980 Moscow Games. They have not yet competed at the Olympic Winter Games.

The Olympic history of Pakistan does not start in 1948, as Pakistanis were part of the all-Indian delegations before, and mainly were players in the field hockey team. Pakistan owes almost its entire Olympic success to one sport - field hockey. They won a medal in this sport at every celebration from 1956 through 1984, fourth in 1948 and 1952, fifth in 1988, and again third in 1992. In 1960 they won the gold medal, defeating India in the final and ending its 20 year Olympic wining streak. They again won the gold medal in 1968 and 1988.

HOW THE PAKISTAN TEAM STARTED IN THE OLYMPIC GAMES

Sports 1948 1952 1956 1960 1964 1968 1972 1976 1984 1988 1992 Total Athletics 5 17 18 12 6 - 5 2 4 7 4 80 Boxing 3 4 6 4 4 - 2 2 4 2 4 35 Cycling 2 2 4 2 4 - - - - - - 14 Hockey 18 11 14 15 16 13 15 16 15 15 16 164 Shooting - 1 2 4 5 - - - - - - 12 Swiming 4 2 4 - - - - - - - - 10 T. Tennis - - - - - - - - - 1 - 1 W.Lifting 2 1 3 2 1 - 1 2 - - - 12 Wrestling - - 6 7 6 2 2 2 2 3 1 31 Yachting - - - - - - - - 6 2 2 10 Team Total 34 38 57 46 42 15 25 24 31 30 27 369

GOLD SILVER BRONZE TOTAL Boxing - - 1 1 Field Hockey 3 3 2 8 Wrestling - - 1 1 TOTAL 3 3 4 10

Olympic philately started with the first Olympic Games of the modern era, in 1896. A special set of 12 stamps was issued, and the revenue earned was used for the benefit of the Organising Committee. The venues were constructed, and the Games could start. Since 1896, special postal services, commemorating stamps, special cancellations and other philatelic documents were associated with all Olympic Games.

Pakistan issued its first Olympic stamps in 1969, to honour its field hockey team which won a gold medal in the 1968 Mexico Games, again in 1984 for the Los Angeles Games, 1988 for the Seoul Games, in 1991 on special Olympic Games and finally in 1996 for Atlanta Games. A stamp to commemorate a century of Olympic Games, depicting Pierre de Coubertin and the Athens Stadium was also issued.

The modern game of hockey, was developed in England in the late 19th century. It spread throughout the British Empire and as a result most of the dominating nations in the sport have been nations who are, or were, members of that Empire. This includes Pakistan, India, Australia, New Zealand and England. Field-Hockey appeared on the Olympic Games program in 1908 and 1920. In 1928 it was held in Amsterdam and it has been on Olympic sport since then. In 1980, hockey for women was first included as an Olympic Sport, in Greece.

Since 1948, with the exception of 1980, Pakistan participated in all the Olympic field-hockey tournaments and won 8 medals including 3 gold medals. To honour the Pakistan success in this sport, one stamp is dedicated to field-hockey.

Boxing:

made its first appearance in 1904 at the St. Louis Olympic Games. All the entrants were Americans and the event doubled as the AAU Championships for that year. Boxing was again contested at the 1908 Olympic in London. In 1912, boxing could not be on the Olympic program because boxing was illegal in Sweden at that time. Since 1920, boxing has been on the programme of every Olympic Games. 45 countries have won medals in boxing.

Pakistani boxers participated in all the Olympic Games, with the exception of 1968. After hockey, boxing is the sport in which the largest number of Pakistan athletes competed. The first Olympic medal was won by Hussein Shah Syed, born on 14-8-1964. He won a bronze medal in Seoul in 1988, in the Middleweight class.

Wrestling:

With the possible exception of athletics, wrestling is the most ancient sport to have been continuously practiced as a competitive sport. Wrestling was introduced into the ancient Olympics in 708 B.C., shortly after that the recorded history of Games begins in 776 B C.

Only in 1900 the wrestling was not on the Olympic programme. There are four main forms of amateur competitive wrestling practiced in the world; GrecoRoman wrestling, freestyle wrestling, judo wrestling and sombo wrestling. Judo is considered a separate sport and the Olympic Sombo is a combination of freestyle and judo and is most popular in Russia but it has not yet been contested in the Olympics. Currently, both freestyle and Greco-Roman wrestling are contested at the Olympics and both have been held since 1920. Prior to that (except in 1908), only one form was used, usually which is Greco-Roman.

The Freestyle wrestling is similar to the American collegiate style, or folk-style wrestling. Holds are relatively unlimited, provided they are not dangerous, and can be applied to any part of the body. Greco-Roman wrestling limits holds to the upper body.

Pakistani wrestlers participated in all Olympic Games sine 1964. After hockey and boxing wrestling is the sport in which the Pakistani athletes competed most. The first Olympic medal was won by Muhammad Bashir, born on 23-12-1934. He won a bronze medal in Rome, in 1960, in freestyle wrestling in the Welterweight class.

Courtesy: (international Olympic Committee.

To commemorative the xxvii Olympic games, Sydney - 2000 Pakistan Post Office is issuing a set of 4 commemorative Postage stamps of Rs. 4/- denomination each on September 20, 2000.

Nishan-e-Haider, Major Tufail & Capt. Sarwar (Shaheed) (2000-9)

I.Captain Muhammad Sarwar (Shaheed) Nishan-e-Haider

Born in Lyallpur (Faisalabad) in 1910 in a family from Sanghori, District Rawalpindi, Captain Sarwar was commissioned to the Punjab Regiment in 1944. While serving as Company Commander in the 2nd Battalion of the Punjab Regiment during the Kashmir Operations he launched an attack on July 27,1948, against a strongly fortified enemy position in the Un Sector. When his company was within fifty yards of the enemy, it came under heavy machinegun, grenade and mortar fire, causing heavy casualties and frustrating their advance. Displaying remarkable courage and leadership, Captain Sarwar led a platoon in a flanking movement to within twenty yards of the enemy bunkers. Here he was obstructed by barbed wire. Undaunted by the obstacle, he moved the rest of the company forward, silencing the enemy machine guns with grenades. Undeterred by volley after volley of enemy bullets, although he had already been hit in the right shoulder, he took over a Bren gun of his platoon, after its gunman was killed, and continued firing into the enemy concentration. He then moved forward with six of his men to cut the barbed wire when a burst of automatic fire riddled his chest and he fell. Captain Sarwar thus became the first soldier to be awarded Pakistan\'s highest gallantry award of Nishan-e-Haider.

II.Major Tufail Muhammad (Shaheed), Nishan-e-Haider

Born in Hoshiarpur in 1914, Major Tufail Muhammad was commissioned in 1943 into the 16 Punjab Regiment. After a distinguished career, which included several instructional and command appointments in his own Battalion and also in the Civil Armed Forces, he was posted to the East Pakistan Rifles in 1958 as a Company Commander.
Early in August, 1958, he was assigned the task of clearing some Indian troops entrenched in Lakshmipur area. He executed a faultless night march in the small hours of August 7 and encircled the Indian post. Leading his men to about 15 yards of the enemy, he led the assault party from the rear. When the Indians opened machine gun fire, Major Tufail was the first to be hit. Bleeding profusely, he lobbed a grenade and silenced the machine-gun. With the flame of his life gradually fading away, he continued to direct the operation. When another enemy machine-gun opened fire, killing his second in command, Major Tufail destroyed that gun too with a well-aimed grenade. During the hand-to-hand encounter that followed, he noticed the commander of the Indian post moving stealthily to attack one of his men. Though mortally wounded, Major Tufail crawled towards the enemy commander. He stretched out one of his legs and as the enemy stumbled he hit him in the face with his steel helmet, saving his comrade. He continued to lead his troops till the Indians were driven out leaving four of their dead and three prisoners behind. Major Tufail later succumbed to his wounds the same day.

To commemorate the auspicious occasion (Defence Day of Pakistan) Pakistan Post is issuing a set of two commemorative postage stamps of Rs 5/- denomination each on September 6, 2000, on Captain Muhammad Sarwar (Shaheed) and Major Tufail Muhammad (Shaheed).

Sarfaroshaane Tehreeke Pakistan. (2000-8)

The first brick in the foundation of Pakistan was laid in 712 A D when Mohammad Bin Qasim anchored at Debal Port (now known as Karachi) freed the Muslim women and children from the prisons of Raja Dahir and constructed the first mosque at the town. Quaid-e-Azam Mohammad All Jinnah, the Founder of Pakistan, acclaimed the event - \'the Pakistan Movement started when the first Muslim put his foot on the soil of Sindh, the Gateway of Islam in India.\"
Pakistan Movement is synonymous with the very spirit of Islam. The War of Independence in 1857 was an open manifestation of the Muslim spirit of revolt against the domination of the British Government and its stooges in India. Frustration and lack of direction, however, pervaded the rank of Muslims after the unfortunate failure in the War. At this critical juncture emerged Sir Syed Ahmad Khan who served as a beacon light for the Muslim Nation in distress and disarray. He equated education with power and declared that the muslims could improve their political, social and economic condition only through the medium of modern and scientific education. He cultivated the concept of a separate Muslim Nation on the basis of religion, culture and history. He inspired the muslims of the subcontinent to demand a separate homeland where they could arrange their lives and affairs of the State according to the dictates of Holy Quran and Sunnah.
After the establishment of the Indian National Congress in 1885, the Muslim leaders saw through the game of \"National\" movement and warned their people of the hovering dangers. In 1906, the Muslim League was founded as a challenge to the Indian National Congress, Maulana Hasrat.Mohani presented a plan to the Government for the country envisaging ~- two separate states for the Hindus and Muslims, Chaudhary Rehmat Ali further developed this concept. He displayed great wisdom and foresight by pulling forth not only a name but in large measure the scheme that culminated in the creation of Pakistan. Maulana Mohammed Ali, Maulana Shaukat All and Maulana Zafar Ali Khan spread the message of Pakistan through their lucid lectures and articles in newspapers.
The most outstanding contribution, however, came from Dr Sir Mohammad lqbal, the great philosopher and poet and the symbol of muslim nationalism. Pakistan ideology found ever clearer expression in his religion-philosophical didactic and poetic works. At its base was the idea that spiritual unit founded on Islam was the most vital and integral element of national society. Islam emerges in this ideology as a form of National unity and absorbs all political thoughts. While presiding over the Session of the All India Muslim League at Allahabad in 1930. Dr. Iqbal\'s Address represented the first clarion call for the establishment of an independent Islamic State in the Subcontinent.
From 1937 onwards, Mr. Mohammad Ali Jinnah became identified in the muslim mind with the concept of the charismatic community, the concept which answered their psychic need for endowing and sanctifying their sense of community with a sense of power.. Increasingly did he become, with the passage of time, the embodiment of Muslim national consensus. And this explains why and how muslims acknowledged him as their Quaid-e-Azam\' even before the launching of the Pakistan demand in March, 1940. From now on events moved fast. Due to the persistent intransigence of the Indian National Congress. the Muslims were let with no alternative but to demand the partition of the Subcontinent through the famous Resolution of 23rd March, 1940. It declared that no constitutional plan would be workable in the country or acceptable to the muslims unless it was designed on the basic principle that geographically contiguous units were demarcated into regions in a manner that the areas in which the muslims were numerically in a majority were grouped together to constitute an independent state.
After a hard and heroic struggle by the Muslims of the Subcontinent, the British Parliament was forced to approve the Indian Independence Act, 1947 leading to the birth of Pakistan on 14th August, 1947. On this historic day the Quaid-e-Azam, while addressing the first session of Constituent Assembly of Pakistan in Karachi culogised the services and sacrifices of the Muslims of the Subcontinent to achieve Pakistan, in the following words:-\'My thoughts are with the valiant fighters in our cause who readily scarified all they had, including their lives, to make Pakistan Possible.\"
Thus the response of the millions, sacrificing their lives and homes, to the call of \"UNITY, FAITH and DISCIPLINE\" from their Quaid-e-Azam firmly placed Pakistan on the world map. Quaid-e-Azam was a great man and a great muslim. He vehemently advocated morality In politics. He declared that morality in politics was even more important than in private life \"because if you do something wrong in public you hurt and harm more people\".
Let us endeavour to achieve the objective laid down by the Quaid in his broadcast to the Nation on 30th October, 1947.
\"Now is the time, chance and opportunity for eve,),\' Mussalman to make his or her fullest and best contribution and make the greatest sacrifice and work ceaselessly in the service of our Nation and world.\"
In the memory of the Sarfaroshaane Tehreeke Pakistan, Pakistan Post Office is issuing a set of Four commemorative postage stamps of Rs. 5/-denomination each on August 14, 2000.

Ahmed E. H. Jaffer Commemoration. (2000-7)

JAFFER, Ahmed Ebrahim Haroon, worthy son of a leading business tycoon, the Hon’able Sir Ebrahim Haroon Jaffer Mr. Ahmed Jaffer was born in Poona (India) on 9th August, 1909 and he breathed his last at Islamabad on 3rd February, 1990 while in the service of Pakistan. Almost all his life, he had been travelling extensively all over the world making friends among elite of every county he visited.
Mr. Jaffer was educated at the Anglo-Urdu High School, Poona and later at the Deccan College, Poona. His high calibre can be gauged from the fact that at the young age of 25 he was first elected a member of the Indian Parliament (Indian Central Legislative Assembly) in Delhi in 1934 from Bombay Province which had two Muslim seats. One seat was occupied by Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah and the other by Mr. Ahmed Jaffer which provided him a rare and unique opportunity to work in close association with the Quaid. He was reelected to the Indian Parliament in 1945 and was appointed Deputy Whip of the Muslim League Parliamentary Party of which Quaid-e-Azam was the leader and continued until the establishment of Pakistan on August 14,1947.
Mr. Ahmed Ebrahim Haroon Jaffer (popularly known as Ahmed E. H. Jaffer), S.Pk., C.B.E., a close associate of Quaid-e-Azam, was a leading citizen, businessman and a distinguished parliamentarian with long standing. He was a seasoned leader of exceptional qualities in politics, trade, industry, sports, culture, national and international affairs. Immediately after partition of the subcontinent, Mr. Ahmed Jaffer, migrated to Pakistan in August 1947 and settled down in Karachi. He was elected to the first Constituent Assembly of Pakistan tO represent one million refugees who had migrated to Pakistan and settled down in Sindh Province where he served till 1954 when the Assembly was dissolved.
In September 1948, Mr. Ahmed Jaffer was elected Member of the Council of World Movement for one World Government and a Member of the International Steering Committee of the People\'s World Government Conference. An active Rotarian, he was elected President of Karachi Rotary Club in 1951 for a two-year term. He was the founder President of Sindh Karachi Refugee Board and All Pakistan Mohajir Board. He established the first ever well planned refugee colony at Gizri near Clifton in Karachi which provided shelter to thousands of homeless Muslim migrants. He was appointed Advisor to the Prime Minister of Pakistan, Refugee Rehabilitation, during the course of the Conference of lndo-Pakistan Prime Ministers, held in Karachi in 1953. He led Pakistan Contingent to the World Olympic Games, London in 1948 and the next year he was elected Life Member of International Olympic Committee.
Mr. Ahmed Jaffer was a Member of the first Pakistan Trade Delegation to West Germany and Czechoslovakia in 1949. He was a delegate to the Inter-Parliamentary Union Conferences held in Dublin (1950); Berne (Switzerland in 1952) and Vienna (Austria 1953). He was a Leader of Pakistan Parliamentary Delegation to World Government Parliamentary Conference held in London in 1954 and delegate to the United Nations in 1975. He was a keen philatelist who had a rich collection of postage
stamps from all over the world. He collected rare stamps from several countries in exchange of Pakistan postage stamps as he was a member of Philatelic Associations in various countries. Thus Mr. Ahmed Jaffer introduced Pakistan postage stamps the world over bringing name and fame to his country.
Mr. Jaffer was awarded high decorations by the President of Austria, His Majesty King of Belgium, President of Brazil, Her Majesty Queen of England, President of Finland, President of Italy, His Majesty King of Jordan, His Highness the Amir of Kuwait, President of the Republic of Spain and President of Pakistan, for his contribution towards development of trade and cordial relations.
Courtesy: - Abdul Kadir Jaffer
To commemorate the Birth Anniversary of Ahmed E.H. Jaffer Pakistan Post Office is issuing a commemorative postage stamp of Rs. 10/- denomination on August 9, 2000.

Fifty Years of Institute of Cost and Management Accountants of Pakistan. (2000-6)

The Institute of Cost and Management Accountants of Pakistan was established in 1951 by (Late) Muhammad Shoaib, who himself was Cost & Works Accountant from UK and founder of Institute of Cost and Works Accountants, India. He envisioned a powerful contributory role for Cost and Management Accountancy in the growth of national economy, which the members of this Institute have played credibly. Mr. Shoaib later rose to become the Finance Minister of Pakistan. The Institute was granted statutory status in 1966 under the Cost and Management Accountants Act, 1966. It has maintained high standard, both in imparting education and testing and has been meeting an important national human resource need through a steady flow of professional management accountants in the economy. Continuous improvement in its programs is an important part of its philosophy. The objective is to produce high caliber business managers by equipping them with specialized skills of management accountancy to meet emerging challenges of an increasingly competitive and demanding business world.
MISSION STATEMENT
To promote efficiency and effectiveness by providing competent and high caliber professionals in the area of Management Accountancy.
MEMBERS AND STUDENTS OF THE INSTITUTE
ICMAP has over 1,600 members, who hold senior positions in trade, commerce, industry and government. A good number of them are employed abroad, viz, Middle East, UK, Australia, USA, Canada, etc. The number of registered students is over 25,000 which makes ICMAP one of the largest professional institutions in Pakistan.
INTERNATIONAL AFFILIATIONS
The Institute is member of the following International Accounting bodies:
a)International Federation of Accountants (IFAC)
b)International Accounting Standards Committee (IASC)
c)Confederations of Asian Pacific Accountants (CAPA)
d)South Asian Federation of Accountants (SAFA)
PUBLICATION
The ICMAP takes out bi-monthly journal \"Management Accountant\" which is one of the leading professional journals in Pakistan having circulation of over 10,000. A Research newsletter is also issued every month.
EMERGING AVENUES OF MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTANT
The new millennium is of Management Accountants. The prominent accounting bodies of the world agree on the point that bookkeeping and taxation services are now withering away and accountants, for their survival and growth, will have to become business managers:
communicative and productive users of information technology. ICMAP has already planned to prepare its students on these lines. In the United Kingdom, 58% of accounting jobs are filled by management accountants and ICMAP also plans to follow.
CAREER OPPORTUNITIES
Members of the Institute who are known as Management Accountants offer quality services in the following areas:
a)Management Accounting
b)Cost Audit
c)Financial Audit d)Sales Tax Audit/Advisory Services
e)Certification under Prudential Regulations
f)Corporate Advisor
g)Management Consultancy
h)Withholding Tax Audit
i)Other Services
ASSISTANCE TO GOVERNMENT
The Institute is represented on the advisory Council of the Finance Division of the Government of Pakistan. It provides opinion on matters of financial policy to the Government from time to time on request. The Institute has been assisting Securities and Exchange Commission of Pakistan for a long time in the task of introduction of Cost Accounting Records/Audit for manufacturing industries under the Companies Ordinance 1984.
GOLDEN JUBILEE CELEBRATIONS
Year 2000-2001 is the Golden Jubilee Year of the Institute. It will hold a number of Seminars and Conferences during this span of time to give an educational touch to the celebrations. To recognize the meritorious service of the members, teachers and employees of the Institute, who contributed in a significant manner in furthering the cause of the Institute, befitting awards will be given to them.
To celebrate the Golden Jubilee of the Institution Pakistan Post Office is issuing a set of 2 commemorative Postage Stamps of Rs. 2/- and Rs.15/- denomination on June 23, 2000.

Birth Anniversary of Mahomedali Habib. (2000-5)

Mahomedali Habib born on 15th May 1904 in Bombay, the third son of Habib Ismail was endowed with exceptional qualities of leadership and tremendous vision and foresight. He was destined to play the most important role in establishing the \"House of Habib\". He founded \"Habib Bank Ltd.\" in August 1941 (with the full support of his brothers particularly Dawood Habib). Habib Bank, the flagship of the House of Habib formalized the Habib Group\'s Merchant Banking activities (since 1841).

To pay a tribute to the memory of his much-loved father, Mahomedali Habib named the Bank after him. Habib Bank soon became the largest and the most important Bank of Pakistan.
Mahomedali Habib, in an amazingly short period of time, created a family business empire covering banking, insurance, shipping and many other industries. The Group companies were market leaders in everything they did and employed more than 7,000 people.
Mahomedali Habib was not only Advisor to Quaid-e-Azam, but was also one of the leading figures of the Pakistan movement. Of the numerous meritorious services of Mahomedali Habib to the nation, he is best remembered for the Blank Cheque that he presented to the Quaid-e-Azam to meet the newly established state\'s financial obligations in the wake of partition, when Pakistan\'s Treasury was empty. The Indian Government had willfully not transferred the funds of Pakistan from the Exchequer of undivided India, which had created a crisis situation averted by the timely assistance from Mahomedali Habib. The loan thus given, in hundreds of millions of rupees to the Government of Pakistan was interest-free.

He was an Architect, Builder, Patriot, Philanthropist, Champion of the poor, a devout Muslim and a true believer in God. He compiled a translation of Holy Quran with footnotes and other religious literatures, which he published under his pen-name M.H. Shakir. His deep concern for the welfare of the poor led him to establish more than 20 Benevolent Trusts for Education, Medical relief, Hospitals, Housing for the poor, Orphanages, Mosques, food, clothing etc. and even Burial Grounds.

Mahomedali Habib was a family man, a loving husband and a very caring father. He had the ability to make every member of the Habib family feel special and created time for everyone. A remarkable motivator of people, he was very successful in training the young generation of Habibs to accept the challenges of the future and commanded a level of loyalty and respect that has become a hallmark. A keen sportsman, his motto was \"work hard, pray hard, and play hard\".

Mahomedali Habib, a legend of a man, died peacefully on 30th March 1959, at the age of 55 years.

Courtesy: House of Habib

To commemorate the Birth Anniversary of Philanthropist of Pakistan Mahomedali Habib, Pakistan Post Office is issuing a commemorative postage stamp of Rs. 2/-denomination on May 15, 2000.

Centenary of Edwardes College, Peshawar. (2000-4)

AD MAJOREM DE GLORIAM is the motto of Edwardes College, Peshawar, which means \"To the greater Glory of God\". Edwardes college began as a missionary foundation at the high watermark of British Rule in the sub-continent. Edwardes College was established in 1900 with the efforts of Sir Herbert Edwardes KCB GSCI, Commissioner of Peshawar in 1853. According to the annals of our college, the first classes were started on 1st May, 1900 and the founding principal was Rev. H.J. Hoare. During these years there were about 30 students in the college. In 1903 the Principal reported:
“...The college continues to do good work in a quiet way ... and will in the near future prove a very real force in the moral and social culture.”
Even in 1913 after the start of BA classes the total enrollment was mere 42. Hoare, however was a man of considerable determination. He had come to the frontier in 1890 and is remembered as a man completely dedicated to his work. It is said that he personally inspected every brick from the kiln and selected those which fully passed his inspection. On Friday, 7th January, 1910 the new College Building (the present famous Arts Block) was opened by the Rt. Reverend, the Bishop of Lahore. A plaque in the Shalimar Quad tells us that the hostel building was constructed with a \"generous gift from a member of the University of Oxford - Fellowship in Furtherance of the Gospel\'. The college was known at this stage as Edwardes Church Mission College and it was affiliated with the University of the Punjab. It was the only college in the frontier.
The college has the honour of being visited thrice by the founder of the nation, Quaid-e-Azam, Muhammad Ali Jinnah. Rev. Dalaya was the Principal at the time. During the same period, distinguished visitor to the college include Pundit Jawaharlal Nehru, Mahatma Ghandi, Khawaja Nazimuddin, Dr. khan Sahib, Liaquat Ali Khan and Sheikh Abdul Hamid, After the short - span principalship of Canon Hawkes and Rev K.W.S. Jardine, there came legendary Dr. Phil Edmonds as a principal in March 1955. During his 23 year tenure, Edwardes Students came to occupy high positions in government, civil service and other professions. After Dr. Edmonds, there came Dr. J.D. Murray, Rev. N. Green, Dr. T. Woolmer, Dr. RH. Pont and now Mr. P. Brooke Smith (since 1995). Mr. Brooke-Smith felt intensely the need to bring changes in the college to enable it to meet the challenges of 21st Century. He gave a comprehensive \'system and procedure\' to the entire administration, started construction (now complete) of the Centenary Building for Computer Science and Electronics Department, Seminar Rooms and Learning Resources Centre. Many other development projects are going on. Mr. Brooke Smith has an obsession to see Edwardes College an Educational Institution of international standards in near future and he is endeavouring for it.
The college has maintained such a unique character fort he last one hundred years that to be an \'Edwardian\" means an enviable status and a high quality and character. For the last one hundred years the college is proud to produce men of great integrity, intellect, loyalty and honour.
Contributed by: Principal Edwardes College, Peshawar.
Pakistan Post Office is also participating in the centenary celebrations by issuing a commemorative postage stamp of Ps. 2/- denomination on April 24, 2000.

Pakistan Convention on Human Rights and Human Dignity. (2000-3)

The recent report of the Human Rights Commission of Pakistan for the year 1999 makes for very depressing reading. It confirms the well-known fact that during the last 10 years of democratic government in Pakistan, instead making the substantial improvements widely expected with the restoration of democracy after a decade of military rule, there has been continued deterioration in the country\'s human rights record.

The present military government has taken a highly unusual initiative to help rectify the situation. For the first time in the country\'s history a national convention is being held on the subject of human rights awareness and education. This is clearly the need of the hour. It appears quite unbelievable that there has never been any formal teaching of human rights in the entire education system of the country in the last 52 years of its history. Unless there is widespread awareness of the subject in the country, it is naive to expect any improvement in human rights abuse in the future.

There is the need to introduce the subject in the formal education system of the country, at various levels. To enable teachers to teach the subject in schools and colleges, they themselves have to first be taught through a comprehensive Teachers Training Program. On both these issues the Fazaldad Human Rights Institute has started work already. The measures being taken will surely have positive and very welcome results in the years ahead. But it is equally important, if indeed not more so, to do something about it immediately. The government and the Fazaldad Institute are both equally convinced that the entire population of the country today has to be reached and made aware of human rights and human dignity so that a better citizenry emerges in the land. To achieve this there is an urgent need for a mass awareness program as well.

MASS AWARENESS

During the convention it is intended to develop a comprehensive mass awareness program which will be launched on the very day of the Inaugural (21 at April) by the Chief Executive and will continue with full intensity till 31St December, 2000.
The media intended to be availed for the campaign will include, but not be limited to, the following:
Television
Radio
Print Media

Seminars
Street Theatre

Pakistan Post

The subjects that are likely to be covered in the mass media campaign will include spots on TV and radio, interviews of prominent persons and of victims; Group discussions; dramas; and theme song or songs & Postage stamps.

EDUCATION
On the subject of education it is intended during the convention to study two aspects in detail:
1.Curriculum. It is intended to make suggestions on amendments to the curriculum of the education system at appropriate levels to cover the teaching of human rights and human dignity. This will also require developing appropriate textbooks and other learning materials.
2.Teachers Training. As the subject has never before been taught in the educational institutions of the country, our teachers themselves have very limited knowledge on which they can base their teaching of the subject in schools and colleges. It is therefore imperative to develop and implement an effective program for the training of teachers as rapidly as possible. Courtesy: Chairman, Fazal Dad Human Rights Institute.

To Commemorate the occasion Pakistan Post Office is issuing a commemorative Postage stamp of Rs. 2/- denomination on April 21, 2000.