Islamic Conference of Foreign Ministers, Karachi (December 26, 1970)

The format of the stamp is hori-zontal. The right side of the stamp shows Al-Aqsa Mosque in burning condition. Ad-jacent to the illustration is the crest of the Islamic Conference of Foreign Ministers in blue colour. The caption “Islamic Confer-ence of Foreign Ministers. Karachi” in red colour lies below the crest and the illustra-tion. The dates “26th to 28th December, 1970” are in blue. The words “Pakistan” in Bengali, Urdu and English on the left side are in black colour. The value “20 Paisa”, the word “Postage” above the illustration on the top right side and the words “Burn-ing of Al-Aqsa Mosque (21.8.69)” are all in black colour.
On the occasion of Islamic Confer-ence of Foreign Ministers going to be held in the Metropolis of Karachi from 26th to 28th December, 1970, the Pakistan Post Office will issue on 26~ 12-1970. a commemorative postage stamp of 20 Paisa denomination.
Following the burning of the Al-Aqsa Mosque on the 21st August, 1969 and the consequent tremors In the Muslim World, the late President Nasser of the UAR and King Hussain of Jordan met in Cairo on the 24th August, 1969 and discussed plans to hold a conference of Arab Nations to be followed by an Islamic Summit Conference to consider the grave issues confronting the Muslim World. A seven-member Preparatory Committee consisting of Iran, Malaysia, Morocco, Niger, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia and Somalia met in Rabat on 8th and 9th September, 1969. The agenda of the Summit Included mainly the questions relating to sacrilege of the AI-Aqsa Mosque and restoration of the holy city of Jerusalem.
According to the joint declaration issued at the conclusion of the Conference (September 25, 1969) in which 26 countries had participated, the signato-ries inter-alia resolved to make concerted efforts for the preservation of world peace In the light of the immortal teach-ings of Islam and pledged “to settle by peaceful means any dispute which may arise between them in such manner as to contribute to the strengthening of international peace and security in accordance with the aims and principles of the charter of the United Nations”. And finally, the declaration stated, their Governments would reject any solution of the problem of Palestine which would deny Jerusalem the status It had before June 1967.
The Islamic Summit at Rabat also decided that a meeting of the Foreign Ministers of the participating states shall be held at Jeddah in the month of March 5970, with a view to;
i) Examining the results of the com-mon action undertaken in the International field by the partici-pating States regarding the deci-sions reached at the Rabat Conference.
ii) Examining the subject of laying down the basis for a permanent Islamic Secretariat.
The Muslim Foreign Ministers Conference was accordingly held in Jeddah from 23rd to 25th of March 1970. The joint communiqué issued at the conclusion of the Jeddah Conference inter-alia decided to establish an Islamic Secretariat with Jeddah as its provisional Headquarters till the liberation of Palestine. It was also decided that the first Secretary General of the Secretariat would be a Malaysian for a period of two years. Tenku Abdur Rahman, the then Prime Minister of Malaysia, was nominated as the Secretary General of the Secretariat.
The Secretariat is to serve as a liaison between participating states and will follow up the implementation of deci-sions taken at the summit level and will also make arrangements for the holding of future conferences.
The decision for holding the forth-coming Islamic Conference of Foreign Ministers in Pakistan was also taken by the Jeddah Conference.. in March, 1970. The Conference which is scheduled to be held in Karachi from 26th to 28th December,1970 will consider the imple-mentation of the decisions of the .Jeddah Conference including the structure, or-ganisation and functions of the proposed Islamic Secretariat.

Elections for Provincial Assemblies of Pakistan (December 17, 1970)

The format of the stamp is ver-tical. The top portion bears the flag of Pakistan, the central portion has the words ‘ELECTIONS FOR PROVINCIAL ASSEMBLIES 1’I7th Dec. 1970’ in reverse against pink background. The words ‘PAKISTAN’ in Urdu, Bengali and English in the left lower corner of the stamp are in green. The value ‘20 Paisa’ and the word Postage’ are in the lower right corner of the stamp.
To commemorate the First General Elections for Provincial Assemblies in the country, the Pakistan Post Office is issuing a stamp of 20-Paisa denomina-tion on December 17, 1970.
Elections to Provincial Assemblies namely, East Pakistan, the Punjab, Sind, the N.W.F.P. and Baluchistan will be held on 17th of December, 1970. A total number of 56.5 millions of regis-tered voters will participate in this election. The electorate will be electing 300 general seats in East Pakistan, 180 in the Punjab, 60 in Sind, 20 in Baluchistan and 40 In N.W.F.P. There will also be reserved seats for women, 10 for East Pakistan, 6 for the Punjab, 2 for Sind, for Baluchistan and 2 for the N.W.F.P., who will be elected by the elected general members of the Provincial Assemblies of the respective Province. (Elections to 18 constituencies in East Pakistan which have been badly affected by the devastating cyclonic storm and tidal bore on the night of 12th and 13th November, 1970 will, however, be held later).
For a number of reasons, this elec-tion has rare significance for Pakistan. Through this election, the country will enter into a new democratic era.
The Election Commission, had to wade through a series of responsible tasks, namely, the preparation of elec-toral rolls, delimitation of constituen-cies, announcements of election sche-dule, nomination of candidates, their scrutiny, hearing of appeals, and pre-paration of final list of contesting candidates before the election date i.e., 17th of December, 1970 could be reach-ed. With utmost expedition and humanly possible accuracy, these jobs were done.
The total number of voters register-ed in the country stands at a little over 5,65,00,000. Out of this total number, 3, 13,00,000 voters have been registered in East Pakistan and 2,52,00,000 in West Pakistan. According to all electoral standards, the proportion which this electoral strength bears to adult popu-lation should be taken as ideal.
It will be quite pertinent to mention here that the right of franchise has been extended to some of the tribal areas in N.W.FP. and Baluchistan where, for the first time in the history of Pakistan, the electorate of these areas will elect their representatives on direct vote.
To make the election free and fair, the Election Commission has adopted a number of measures; some of them will be introduced for the first time in Pakistan. They are, mainly, the intro-duction of single ballot box, marking of ballot papers in secret and insertion of the same in the presence of the election officials and party agents and use of indelible ink.
To build up a healthy political life in the country, the Election Commis-sion has decided to allocate symbols for the candidates from political parties, which are not allowed to be used by individual candidates. For the purpose of allocating symbols to political parties and also to individuals contesting as independents, the Election Commission has prescribed a total number of 55 symbols.
Postal ballot system has, also for the first time, been introduced in Pakis-tan, enabling Government servants (including members of the Armed Forces); holders of public offices, wives of such Government servants and hold-ers of public offices and persons in jail or under legal custody to vote by post. This facility has also been extended to Persons who have been appointed for election duties.
Elections to the Provincial Assem-blies will be held on 17th December, 1970 and official results of the count will be known within a couple of days following the election. 1864 candidates are contesting for 300 seats in East Pakistan; 1317 for 180 seats in the Pun-jab; 579 for 60 seats in Sind; 319 for 40 seats in N.W.F.P. and 164 for 20 seats in Baluchistan.. (The East Pakistan figures which include the existing numbers re-lating to the cyclone affected constitu-encies may eventually be some what different).

Elections for National Assembly of Pakistan (December 7, 1970)

The format of the stamp is ver-tical. The top portion bears the flag of Pakistan, the central portion has the words ‘Elections for National Assembly, 7th December 1970” in reverse against a blue background. The words ‘Pakistan’ in Urdu, Bengali and English in the left lower corner of the stamp are in green. The value “20 Paisa” and the word ‘Postage’ are in the lower right corner of the stamp.
To commemorate the First General Elections for National Assembly in the country, the Pakistan Post Office is issuing a stamp of 20-Paisa denomina-tion on December 7, 1970.
The first ever general elections on the basis of universal adult franchise and on the principle of ‘one man one vote’ will be held in Pakistan on 7th of De-cember, 1970 to elect the members of the National Assembly. 300 members of the National Assembly will be elected directly by nearly 56.5 million registered voters throughout the country. Out of this total of 300 members, 162 will be from East Pakistan, 82 from Punjab, 27 from Sind, 18 from N.W.F.P., 7 from Centrally Administered Tribal Areas and 4 from Baluchistan. The elected members of the National Assembly from the respective Province will elect 13 women members (East Pakistan-7, Punjab-3, N.W.F.P.-l, Sind-I and Balu-chistan-I). (Elections to 9 constituen-cies in East Pakistan which have been badly affected by the devastating cyclonic storm and tidal bore on the night of 12th and 13th November 1970 will, however, be held later).
The present elections are unique as through them will be elected a National Assembly which will have the privilege of framing a constitution for the country. The National Assembly, after completing its task of constitution making, will become the Central Legis-lature under that Constitution. The Election Commission has worked with unprecedented speed in completing the. different stages of the elections viz., the preparation of election rolls, delimita-tion of constituencies and preparations for the actual polls. The total number of voters regis-tered in the country is nearly 5,65,00,000., 3,13,00000 voters having been registered in East Pakistan and 2,52,00,000 in West Pakistan (including electors from the Centrally Administer-ed Tribal Areas). The right of adult franchise has been extended to some tribal areas of the N.W.F.P. and Balu-chistan for the first time in the history of Pakistan.
To ensure that the elections are free and fair, the Election Commission has introduced many innovations which exist only in the most advanced democracies. The marking system of voting under which a common ballot paper containing the names of all the candi-dates with their symbols, the common ballot box, and the use of indelible ink are some of the salient features. Secrecy of the ballot is fully ensured by requiring the voter to mark the ballot paper In a screened place with a marking aid to be provided for the purpose. Polling throughout the country (except the cyclone affected 9 constituencies of East Pakistan referred to above) will be completed in a single day on 7th De-cember, 1970.
To help the voters in identifying the candidates, the Election Commis-sion has allocated 24 symbols for the candidates sponsored by political parties. The remaining 31 symbols were available for independent candidates.
Government servants (including members of the Armed Forces) holders of public offices, wives of such Government servants and holders of public offices and persons in jail or under legal custody have been given the facility to vote by post. This facility has also been extended to persons who have been appointed for election duties.
Elections to National Assembly will be held on 7th of December, 1970 and the official results of the count will be known within a couple of days following the election. 1581 candidates are contesting 299 (one having been return-ed unopposed) National Assembly seats—800 from West Pakistan for 137 seats, 589 as party nominees and 211 as independents, and 781 for 162 seats in East Pakistan—667 as party nominees and 114 as Independents. (The East Pakistan figures which include the existing numbers relating to the cyclone affected constituencies may eventually be somewhat different).

Universal Children Day (October 5, 1970)

The format of the stamp is verti-cal, It bears two panels at upper and lower portion. The upper panel in blue bears the theme of Universal Children’s Day 1970 i. e. ‘THE ROLE OF EDUCATION IN CHILD CARE’ in reverse lettering. The lower panel in brown bears the word ‘Pakistan’ in Bengali, Urdu and English in reverse. A symbolic representa-tion of a boy and girl with typical ornamental costumes appear in the fore-ground in brown and blue colours with their flat tones. In the back-ground of the children appears an open book in reverse. The denomination ‘20’ appears just below the upper panel at right top corner in blue on the yellow ochre back-ground. The word ‘Paisa’ is placed below the denomination in brown. ‘Postage’ appears at left top edge below the upper panel in brown.
A world-wide ‘Children’s Day’ was first proposed in 1952 by the International Union for Child Welfare (IUCW), a non-governmental organization which has con-sultative status with the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF). ‘Children’s Day’ was first celebrated internationally under IUCW sponsorship in October 1953 40 countries participating in the celebration. In the year 1954, the United Nations General Assembly passed a formal Resolution establishing ‘Universal Children’s Day’ as an annual ‘day of world-wide fraternity and understanding among children’. It is a day dedicated to the children of the world and their welfare and a reminder to the adults to re-dedicate themselves to protect child-ren’s rights and work for their happiness and betterment. The first Monday in October each year is the date on which the day is celebrated. This is the date recommended by the United Nations General Assembly. This year the day falls on 5th October, 1970 and Pakistan Post Office is issuing a stamp of 20-Paisa denomination on this very date to com-memorate the occasion.
It has become customary to observe the event in a variety of ways. Television and radio programmes and newspaper articles are devoted to the subject of children’s needs. Programmes are made by social welfare organisation, schools, mothers’ clubs and youth centres. Children’s parties are held in many hos-pitals, orphanages, town-hails and public parks. Every year since 1954, UNICEF and IUCW have selected a Special Theme for the Day to emphasize a particular aspect of child welfare. The theme for this year is “THE ROLE OF EDUCA-TION IN CHILD CARE”. This theme was chosen in order to focus attention on children’s mental, spiritual and social welfare, as well as to remind ourselves of the vital role education plays in the growth of healthy, happy children. Let us, therefore, resolve to-day and in the days and years to come to do every thing we can to support aid to schools on every level-community, national and international-so that our children and all children can get the best possible education. Many non-governmental or-ganisations all over the world as well as United Nations agencies are engaged in a co-ordinate year-long effort to mobilize energies and inspire new initiatives in education. This year special emphasis is being placed on the role of education in childcare.
Every child needs education, in order to develop his potentialities as fully as possible. Unfortunately, at the pre-sent time only half the world’s school -age children are able to complete even the elementary grades. These figures, provided by the UNICEF represent a shocking waste of the world’s human resources as well as a horrifying num-ber of personal tragedies: Almost every-one agrees that education is important. But some communities, and some families, neglect certain type of education. Girls have a right to education as much as boys-but many girls are denied opportunities to develop abilities specially in the rural areas. Children need someone to teach them. They need and deserve more and setter education. Social Welfare ser-vices, both private and public, govern-mental and voluntary, perform many educational functions among needy families. The road to human progress is long, slow and full of obstacles, but we must not succumb to impatience or defeatism. We must remember that education is a potent factor in building both progress and peace, because it contributes to our understanding of our fellow-men, without which there can be no true progress or lasting peace.
In Pakistan, Universal Children’s Day is sponsored by Pakistan Council for Child Welfare. The Day is celebrated throughout Pakistan in co-operation with the UNICEF. the IUCW, the Govern-ment and many social and child welfare organisations on first Monday of Octo-ber, every year. The President of Pakistan who is the Patron-in-Chief of Pakistan Council for Child Welfare always takes keen interest in Council’s activities. He has instituted six Awards for the child-ren since 1961 which are called the ‘President’s Awards for Children” and these are announced by him on the occasion of Universal Children’s Day every year. Since 1968, two new Awards were instituted, one for Best Child Writer in Bengali among the Urdu speaking children and the other for Best Child Writer in Urdu among the Bengali Speaking Children. From 1961 to 1969 forty-two talented children were deco-rated by the President of Pakistan with the President’s Awards for Children. The underlying idea of these Awards is to develop leadership amongst the children and to encourage the potential writers, artists and leaders of tomorrow. These Awards for the children have created a great interest and enthusiasm among the children in Pakistan.

10th FAO Regional Conference for the Near East, Islamabad (September 12, 1970)

The format of the stamp is horizontal. The design depicts as a Tractor on the left and a fertilizer factory on the right foreground, lying against a background of fields in shades of green. The green panel at the bottom has the word “Pakistan” in Bengali, Urdu and English in reverse. The value “2-Paisa” and the word “Postage”, the caption “10 FAO Regional Conference of the Near East Islamabad” at the top, the tractor and factory are in brown. The symbol of FAO occupies the left bottom corner in green.
To commemorate the 10th F.A.O. Regional Conference for the Near East, the first conference of its kind being held in Pakistan at Islamabad from 12th to 22nd September 1970, the Pakistan Post Office is issuing a postage stamp of 20-Paisa denomination on 12.9.1970.
There has never been any time in history of mankind when every body in the world had plenty of food. Even today some-thing like 16 per cent of the world’s people are underfed or actually hungry. About one-half of world’s people do not get enough of the quality foods, particularly the proteins needed for a healthy and productive life.
The Food and Agricultural Organi-zation (FAO) of the United Nations is an agency for international action, to fight poverty, malnutrition and hunger which affect half the people in the world, It is an independent organization in the United Nations family of specialized agen-cies which was set up in 1945 to help the people of the world in their fight against hunger and malnutrition. Its member-ship has increased from 42 countries in 1945 to 119 today.
FAO is a force of about 5,500 men and women working all over the world to gauge the extent and complexity of the food problem and to help solve it by providing advice and technical assistance and by helping to mobilize capital backing for development programme. FAO has three pronged activities. It collects, analysis and disseminates basic inform-ation about food and agriculture; through its international technical staff; it provides direct technical advice and aid to member countries; and it promotes co-operative action for solving general and regional problems.
FAO has divided the world into various regions. Pakistan due to it’s geographical situation falls both in the Near East Region and Asia and the Far East Region. Regional Conferences are held regularly every second year during the non- FAO’s Main Conference year. The sessions of the Conference are held in Member Countries of the Region by rotation as far as possible. There are 19 member countries of the Near East Region. The l0th~FAO Regional Confe-rence for Near East Is in the series of these meetings and is being held in Pakistan for the first time. This is one of the most Important meetings of the FAO, the primary role of which is to faci-litate policy decisions at high level with regard to national and international ac-tion for a coordinated development of agriculture in the Region.
Pakistan has been an active mem-ber of the FAO and has received substan-tial aid from this organization under its various programmes. Under the World Food Programme and the Freedom from Hunger Campaign, Pakistan has received aid to the tune of Rs. 47.8 million. Besides, large number of experts and training facilities have been provided by FAQ. It was through the active cooper-ation of the FAQ that Pakistan is steadily advancing on the road to Green Revolution.
FAO has recently enunciated its new strategy of development. It consists of the following five areas of concentra-tion
(i) High Yielding Varieties of Basic Food Crops;
(ii) Bridging the Protein gap;
(iii) War on Waste;
(iv) Mobilizing human resources; and
(v) Earning and saving of foreign exchange.
These are considered ‘Five keys to development’ and FAQ and its member countries are keen to concentrate on them with a view to accelerating food production in individual countries and the world as a whole to fight hunger and malnutrition. With concerted coopera-tive effort, it is hoped mankind may one day solve the food problem.

Birth Centenary of Dr. Maria Montessori (August 31, 1970)

The format of the stamps is vertical. The portrait of Dr. Maria Mon-tessori forms the subject of both the values. In the 20 Paisa stamp, the por-trait is enclosed in red border while in 50 Paisa stamp it is in green border. The caption “BIRTH CENTENARY OF DR. MARIA MONTESSORI 1870-1970” the words “Postage”, and “Pakistan” in Bengali, Urdu and English appear in yellow colour in both the values. The value “20 Paisa” and “50 Paisa” also appear in yellow in the lower left corner.
“With Dr. Maria Montessori there came into the sphere of education a new and vital impulse. There is not a civili-zed country which has not In some mea-sure felt the impact of her vivifying principles”. Thus wrote Prof. E. Mortimer Standing of London University and biographer of Dr. Montessori. One can go on filling pages with quotations like the above, from sources all over the world from nearby Europe and far-off China. Montessori’s influence has opened a new chapter in the realm of child care, understanding and education and has revealed new possibilities and potentials towards a reconstruction of human soci-ety. Nor is it an influence that has waned over the years. In 1907, with the establishment of her first school “ the name Montessori flashed like a comet across the sphere of education.”
The Birth Centenary of such a ver-satile genius, to be celebrated the world over on 31st August, 1970, becomes a fitting occasion to project her mind and its brilliance all over the world and in the light of the universal principles which she established, to recharge our educat-ional approach with its life-giving power. To commemorate this auspicious occas-ion Pakistan Post Office is issuing a set of two postage stamps of 20 Paisa and 50 Paisa denominations on 31st August, 70.
Born in the small town of Charia-valle in the province of Ancona in Italy, Maria Montessori was the only child of stern Alesandra Montessori, a man deco-rated for military valour, and Renilde Steppani her devout mother, daughter of a famous philosopher, scientist and priest. Together they directed Maria’s impulsive nature wisely yet lovingly. She was reared on the principles of obe-dience, courtesy, and duty. Love and concern for the down-trodden and dist-ressed were instilled early in her nature in all kinds of practical ways.
At school she was a bright student to whom all subjects were equally agree-able and In whom there was not the slightest streak of competition or acade-mic ambition. Anxious to give their only child the best possible education, Maria’s parents moved to Rome. when she was twelve. At fourteen Maria had decided to take up engineering as a career. Since no seminary for girls catered for engineering, Maria was enro-lled in a boy’s technical school, the only girl to do so In the whole of Italy: It was a formidable experience but the strong willed young girl endured it until her ambitions altered. She now wanted to study biology and later fixed her mind upon studying medicine. She gained admission to the medical college in Rome-again the only female medical stu-dent in the whole of Italy. In 1896, Maria Montessori emerged the first woman Doctor of Medicine in Italy.
But her future lay in other direct-ions and she was steadily marching to meet it: As an assistant doctor at the Psychia-tric Clinic in the University of Rome, her duties took her into the asylums of the insane. What touched her most deeply there, was the condition of men-tally retarded children who in those days were relegated to such asylums. Emphasising the fact in a series of lectu-res, that these children needed educat-ion as much as normal ones, she succee-ded in having a state orthophrenic school set up which she was assigned to direct from 1899-1901. Under her able guida-nce, the children, hitherto regarded as hopelessly deficient and therefore useless developed to an astonishing deg-ree and were able to sit at public exami-nations with normal children, and pass. A storm of applause greeted this miracle. Dr. Montessori left the Orthophrenic School in capable hands for she felt the need for further studies and meditation in’ fact she was collecting and reserving her resources for an ‘unknown’ but definite mission.
In 1904 Dr. Montessori was appoin-ted Professor at the University of Rome where for four years she occupied the Chair of Anthropology. Her first major publication was Pedagogical Anthropol-ogy. By 1906 Dr. Montessori felt sufficie-ntly prepared and eager to experiment with normal children. So great and wide-spread was this realisation that Dr. Montessori now gave up all her former activity in which she was achieving such singular success and devoted herself to further researches and experiments in the field of child care and development. The result has been not only a method of Education which is now applied in several countries up to the Secondary level hut a whole new Psychology of the human individual, knowing which can influence the parents, adults, doctors, nurses, social workers and all working for the child towards better results in their work.
Old habits die hard. Dr. Monte-ssori worked ceaselessly to break down old prejudices. Her work and her desire to help the world’s children brought her to India in September, ,.l939. She first landed at Karachi and was enthusi-astically received at a reception. Then she proceeded to Madras where she started her first training course in. the subcontinent. She conducted several courses in Madras, Gwaliar, Ahmedabad, Kodaikanal, Kashmir and in 1946 in Karachi. The first Pakistan Montessori Training Course was held in 1949, again at Karachi.
Dr. Montessori’s researches conti-nued throughout her life and she incorp-orated her theories in the many books which she wrote and published. On 6th May, 1952. this marvelous woman, nearly 82 years old, was working in her bed, writing, in a little village home in Holland, facing the sea. It was after-noon and she asked for lunch. But be-fore she could finish it-the heart just stopped and the dynamic spirit quietly slipped out to soar other heights more conducive to its majesty and greatness.

Asian Productivity Year 1970 (August 18, 1970)

The format of the stamp is horizon-tal. The symbol of the Asian Productivity Year, concentric circles with arrow, form the subject of the design. The design implies simply the rise of productivity in the Asian region as indicated by arrow pointing upwards over this part of the globe. The inner circles are pale yellow, the two Outer circles are pale green and dark green respectively formed by over lapping blue over yellow. The background and arrow are turquoise blue. The denomination 50” is in yellow and the rest of the wordings i.e. Asian Pro-ductivity Year-l970’ the word “Postage’’ and “Pakistan’’ in Urdu, Bengali and English appear in reverse.
To commemorate the Asian pro-ductivity Year 1970, Pakistan Post Office is issuing a stamp of 50-Paisa denomina-tion on 18-8-1970.
The concept conceived to promote economic welfare productivity is con-temporaneous with the beginning of modern industrial society in Western Europe. The concept gained in force with the emergence into independence of the Asian nations after World War II with consequent emphasis o n economic deve-lopment. In order to accelerate the pro-ductivity movement in Asia and to derive benefits from the experiences of the countries in the region, the Japan Pro-ductivity Centre conceived the idea of establishing an Asian Productivity Orga-nisation. The Asian Productivity Organis-ation which came into existence in May, 1961 has the following objectives
(a) Promoting the economic deve-lopment of Asian Countries.
(b) Raising the living standards of the people.
(c) Strengthening ties among Asian nations.
(d) Encouraging cooperative en-deavours for mutual benefits.
(e) Contributing to the national security and the preservation of independence of Asian nations. Initially 8 Asian Governments in-cluding Pakistan signed the APO Con-vention in 1961 to establish this orga-nisation. By the end of 1969 the mem-bership stood at 14. The names of the member countries in the alphabetical order are (l) Republic of China, (2) Ceylon, (3) Hong Kong, (4) India, (5) Indonesia, (6) Iran, (7) Japan, (8) Korea (South), (9) Nepal (10) Pakistan (II) Philippines (12) Singapore (13) Thailand (14) Viet-nam (South).
As a result of concerted efforts of APO and National Productivity Orga-nisation of the member countries, Productivity Movement has made definite contribution in the growth of national and per capita product. In accelerating the Productivity Movement in the region the APO organised a number of training programme, study missions, symposia etc. during the decade of its existence. All these programmes were aimed at increasing productivity and economic growth in the region. Encouraged by the success and to further emphasis the role of productivity in national econo-mic growth it was decided to observe 1970 as Asian Productivity Year by all its member countries. All the member countries including Pakistan have orga-nised special programmes in the form of training seminars, symposium, essay contest etc. to boost up productivity movement. The principle motto of the year is:
(a) Prosperity through Productivity and the theme is:- Quality Reliability.
The APY will culminate with an Asian Productivity Congress from August 18-21, 1970 in Tokyo. Renowned figures from the Governments of the member countries, Productivity Promotion Ins-titutions, Industrial Association and other specialists are participating in the Congress to highlight the dynamic action necessary for Productivity Promotion.

6th Anniversary of RCD (July 21, 1970)

20 Paisa: Depicts the ‘SATFUL MALOOK LAKE’ of Pakistan, enclosed by a border in yellow colour, bearing the words ‘Pakistan’ in Bengali, English, and Urdu in red colour on top of the stamp. The patterns in the bottom corners as well as the words ‘SAIFUL MALOOK LAKE’ (Pakistan) are also in red. The caption ‘R.C.D. 6th Anniversary 21.7.70’ and the words ‘Turkey-Iran-Pakistan” are in black. The value ‘20.Paisa’ and the word ‘Postage’ are also in black and are placed on the sky.
50-Paisa: Portrays the bridge ‘SEEYO-SE-POL’ at Isfahan set in a yellow border. The top of the border bears the caption R.C.D: 6th Anniversary 21.7.70’ in black colour, the words ‘Turkey-Iran-Pakistan’ in brown. The lower border bears the value in the lower left corner. The figure ‘50’ is in brown, and the words ‘Postage’ and ‘Paisa’ in black. The words ‘The bridge SEEYO~SE-POL-ESFAHAN’ and the words ‘Pakistan’ in Urdu, Bengali and English are also in black.
Re.1/- Reproduces ‘a view from Fethiye’ in Turkey. The layout is the same as in 20-Paisa stamp. A yellow border sur-rounds the view. The top of the border bears the words ‘Pakistan’ in Bengali, English and Urdu in red colour as well as the words ‘a view from Fethiye, Turkey’ in the lower border, below the illustration. The caption ‘R.C.D. 6th Anniversary 2 1.7.70’ and the words ~Turkey-1ran-Pakistafl’ are in black. The value Re. 1/- and the word Postage’ are also in black and are placed on the sky. To mark the Sixth Anniversary of the establishment of the Regional Co-operation for Development, the Pakistan Post Office is issuing a set of three commemorative postage stamps of 20-Paisa, 50-Paisa and Re. 1.00 denominations. Sets of three commemorative stamps in similar designs are also being issued simultaneously by the Government of Iran and Turkey.
The Regional Co-operation for Development (R.C.D.) is a tripartite movement by Iran, Pakistan and Turkey aimed at closer economic, technical and cultural cooperation and promot-ing economic advancement and welfare of over 180 million people of this Region. The decision to form this economic grouping was taken on July 21, 1964, by the Heads of State! Government of Iran, Pakistan and Turkey who had gathered in Istanbul in a Summit meeting.
The establishment of RCD was a natural evolution of historic forces that had been at work over the past centuries. The three brotherly nations of Iran, Pakistan and Turkey already had much in common and their association towards a solid regional economic group was found to be most natural. The three are neighbours and they enjoy ancient historical ties. The concept of RCD and its purposes have aroused enthusiasm and expectations among the peoples of Iran, Pakistan and Turkey.
During the period of six years of its existence, the RCD has made significant strides and has concrete results to show. It has not only defined the scope of its working, taken organisational shape and established certain basic infrastructure facilities’ and institutional arrangements but has also emerged successfully from the stage of basic planning and preparatory work and has entered the phase of implementation covering a large area of cooperation in the socio-economic fields.
TRANSPORT AND COMMUNICATIONS
Telecommunication continues to make steady progress. The member countries have reduced the transit charges for manual operated transit calls. To improve thie efficiency of regional microwave system, an International Control Centre has been established in Tehran. The work on road and rail link between Iran and Turkey is progressing satisfactorily. Further close cooperation among the airlines of the three countries is in progress and studies are on the anvil for joint integrated opera-tions. The progress on shipping is impressive, the RCD Ship-ping Service continue to serve Turkish and Pakistan trades from USA. Arya National Shipping Lines and South Shipping Lines of Iran would commence its services shortly.
INDUSTRY PETROLEUM AND PETRO-CHEMICALS
The progress in the field of joint industrial enterprises has been very satisfactory. The number of approved and/or approved in principle joint purpose enterprises is 55 at the present. The RCD forums have recently proposed the approval of a new joint purpose enterprise on the manufacture of Tetracycline. Out of the 55 approved and/or approved in principle joint purpose enterprises, 13 projects have already gone into production.
TRADE
In September 1968, the three Ministers of Commerce and Economy met at Tehran and decided that the Secretary-General of RCD should request the UNCTAD/GATT to undertake a study in 1969 to identify all barriers impeding intra-regional trade and to make recommendations for its liberalisation and expansion. The UNCTAD accepted this assignment and completed their study in the shortest possible time in this report entitled, ‘Trade Expansion amongst RCD Countries; the Pot-ential, the Obstacles, the Possible Courses of Action.’ The record of cooperation and implementation in the field of insur-ance is impressive.
TECHNICAL COOPERATION, PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND SOCIAL AFFAIRS.
Member Governments signed an RCD Agreement for Tech-nical Assistance which is under implementation since 1965. Under the Annual RCD Programme of Technical Assistance, a large number of experts, trainees and students are mutually exchanged between the three countries. Great emphasis is being laid on promoting cultural cooperation among the RCD coun-tries at people to people level. Artists, sportsmen, writers and journalists are being exchanged under the annual cultural exchange programme. The cooperation between the three Press, TV and other Information Media of the three countries is progressing very satisfactorily in order to bring the people of the Region closer together.

International Education Year 1970 (July 6, 1970)

The format of the stamps is horizontal. The design is common to both the denominations with a difference in colour only. Light emanates from an open book and pen symbolic of ‘Learning’ and falls on the symbol of the ‘International Education Year’. The symbol is formed of black concentric circles, the pen and book are in black outline. The caption ‘International Education Year 1970’ the value 20 Paisa and 50 Paisa and the words ‘Pakis-tan’ in English, Bengali and Urdu are also in Black colour. The background is in pale blue colour in the 20 Paisa stamp and orange in the 50 Paisa stamp. The symbol and the word ‘Postage’ are green in the 20 Paisa and blue in the 50 Paisa stamp. The ray of light is yellow ochre against the book and fades gradually as it reaches the symbol.
On December 17, 1968, the General Assembly of the United Nations adopted a resolution on International Education Year, by which, among other things, it endorsed the programme of action for the year set out in the resolution of the UNESCO on the subject. International Education Year 1970 is a world-wide effort to expand and improve education and training in all their forms through studies and research on educational problems, creating new approaches to teach-ing, focussing public attention on the need for reforms, and modifying policies and legislation where necessary. Pakistan Post Office is issuing a set of two postage stamps of 20 Paisa and 50 Paisa denominations on 6. 7. 1970 to commemorate the occasion.
When the United Nations General Ass-embly proclaimed 1970 as International Education Year and at the same time the year for the launching of the Second United Nations Development Decade, it implicitly stressed the links existing between develop-ment and education. The objectives set forth in the General Assembly resolution coincide with the development strategy pro-posed by the Committee for Development Planning (CDP) for education, and parti-cularly life-long education, in the seventies. The CDP emphasizes the fact that education, a powerful stimulus to economic growth, comprises not only the transmission of knowledge, the development of which is vital for the improvement of human lot, but also the inculcation of an attitude which will enable our societies to fulfil their scientific and cultural potentialities. Setting objectives like this is indeed placing the emphasis on the necessity for life-long education.
While the sponsors of International Education Year talk of educational research, comparative education and studies of new methods and techniques in education, mem-bers of the CDP, also mindful of the impor-tance of devising educational system in terms of development needs, say that the objective must be to prepare the rising generation for the important task awaiting it, starting with pre-school children. Aware of the fact that the education produces long-term results, members of CDP consider nevertheless that a curriculum calculated to increase effective-ness in the near future can be worked out.
Thus, complementary objectives, coordi-nated activities, launching dates which coincide, bring these two large-scale opera-tions within the compass of a single cam-paign calling for a general mobilization of efforts in all countries. Consideration is even being given to the idea of organizing another International Education Year in 1980, at the close of the Second Decade. At that stage it would be possib1~ to assess the progress made and update education strategies.
The United States National Commission for UNESCO has begun to work in close co-operation with non-governmental orga-nizations for furthering the International Education Year (IEY) objectives. Its membership is encouraged to give special attention during the year to the following priorities: (a) extending educational oppor-tunity; (b) improving education for citi-zenship in a global society; and (c) increas-ing international co-operation in education.

25th Anniversary of United Nations (June 26, 1970)

20 Paisa: Depicts the UNO Building in mauve rising against a green background. The right upper corner of the stamp bears the United Nations sym-bol in reverse with the caption 25th Anniversary of the UNO” occupying the top central position of the stamp. The word “UNO” is in reverse, while the rest of the caption is in yellow along with the value “20 Paisa” in the lower right corner of the stamp. The word “Pakistan” in Bengali, Urdu and English is in black and is placed between the symbol and the value. The word “Postage” lies on the left side of the stamp and is also in black colour.
50 Paisa: The stamp is divided into three por-tions. The central portion with a pale green backgr-ound depicts a geometric pattern enclosing the sym-bol of the United Nations Organisation, placed right in the centre of the stamp. The different units of colours, green, ultramarine, turquoise blue and prussian blue, overlap suggesting the idea of unity and peace which this organisation aims to bring about. The two panels on either side of the cent-ral panel are in ultramarine with lettering in prus-sian blue. The panel on the left bears the words “25th Anniversary of the U.N.O”. The panel on the right has the word ‘Pakistan’ in Bengali, Urdu and English as well as the word ‘Postage” and the value “50 Paisa”. To commemorate the 25th Anniversary of the United Nations, Pakistan Post Office is issuing a set of two stamps of 20 Paisa and 50 Paisa denominations on 26-6-1970, which is the anniversary of the signing of the Charter of the United Nations.
The name ‘United Nations’ was devised by President Franklin D. Roosevelt and was first used in the Declaration by the United Nations on 1st January 1942, when the representatives of 26 nations pledged their Governments to continue fighting together against what they called ‘Axis Powers’. The Charter of the United Nations was drawn up by the representatives of 50 coun-tries at a conference in San Francisco in 1945 and was signed on 26th June 1945. Poland, not represented in the con-ference, signed it latter and became one of the original 51 Member States. Twenty-five years latter, the membership of the Orga-nization has increased to 126 States, many of them newly come to nationhood. The purpose of the Organisation is—
1. to maintain international peace and security,
2. to develop friendly relations among nations,
3. to co-operate internationally in solving international economic, so-cial, cultural and humanitarian problems and in promoting respect for human rights and fundamental freedom,
4. to be a centre for harmonising the actions of nations in attaining these common ends.
The United Nations officially came into existence on 24th October 1945, when the Charter had been ratified by China, France, USSR, the United Kingdom and the United States of America, and by a majority of other signatories; 24th October is now uni-versally celebrated as United Nations Day.
As early as 1946, the United Nations had demonstrated its deep concern over the problems of children by establishing UNICEF, the United Nations Children’s Fund. Today, UNICEF is helping 700 million children in 120 countries. On 20th November 1963, the general Assembly of the United Nations adopted unanimously the United Nations Declaration on the Elimination of all Forms of Racial Discri-mination. On 7th November 1967 the Declaration on the Elimination of Dis-crimination against Women was adopted by the General Assembly which sets rights for women on equal terms with men. The General Assembly on 12th . June, 1968 adopted resolution 2373 (XXII) in which it commended the Treaty on the Non-Prolife-ration of Nuclear Weapons. UNHCR stands for office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. It was estab-lished in December, 1950 with Headquarters at Geneva (Switzerland), with 40 Branch Offices throughout the world. Over the past few years UNHCR has currently been concerned with hundreds of thousands of refugees needing international assistance.
The above is an outline only to give an idea of the many-fold tasks in which the United Nations is engaged in today’s world for the betterment of humanity.

New UPU Headquarters (May 20, 1970)

The stamps are horizontal in format. The new buil-ding of the Universal Postal Union Headquarters form the main feature of the design and covers the central part of the stamps. The colour of building is Mauve in both the denominations of the stamp. The words ‘NEW UPU HEADQUAR-TERS’ are printed in black against blue sky. The symbol of the UPU appears on top left corner in black outlines. The year ‘1970’ is shown in reverse in blue sky on top right corner.
The ground is green in 20 Paisa stamp and brown in 50 Paisa stamp. Rest of the features are common to both the values. The value and the words ‘PAISA’ are in black in the foreground in the left corner and the word ‘POSTAGE’ appears in mauve in lower right corner. The words ‘PAK-ISTAN’ in Bengali, Urdu and English are printed in mauve colour in the bottom white strip.
The opening of the Universal Postal Union’s new building at Berne (Switzerland) will take place on Wednesday the 20th May 1970. To commemorate the occasion, Pakis-tan Post Office is issuing a set of two pos-tage stamps of 20 Paisa and 50 Paisa denominations on 20th May, 1970.
The world postal service is part of the daily life of people everywhere. Its proper running is essential to society and, still more, to the life of the international community. Although the Universal Postal Union is one of the oldest inter-governmental organisa-tions in existence, yet it is not widely known to the public at large. Without going back to the origin of the post in remote antiquity and still less dwelling on its embryonic state in the Middle Ages, we should nevertheless point out that the dispatch of letters then depended on the messenger services of royal households, universities and major religious orders. In 1863, on the initiative of the Honourable Montgomery Blair, Postmaster-General of the United States of America, a conference was held in Paris. This con-ference, which was attended by delegates from fifteen European and American coun-tries, established the general principles, recommended to Administrations as a basis for their mutual agreements.
It, however, soon became clear that bilateral agreements were no longer sufficient. To cope with situation, a single convention between States concerning postal relations was needed for which a conference was convened at Berne, on 15th September, 1874 which was attended by 22 countries. An agreement was reached and a Treaty com-monly known as Berne Treaty was signed for the establishment of a General Postal Union. This was the forerunner of the multilateral Convention governing the inter-national postal service. The Convention came into force on 1st July, 1875. In 1878, The General Postal Union became the Uni-versal Postal Union (U.P.U.).
Any member of the United Nations may accede to the Union. Sovereign coun-tries which do not belong to the U.N. may request admission to the U.P.U. They are admitted if the request is approved by at least two thirds of the member countries of the Union. Congress, the Executive Coun-cil, the Consultative Council for Postal Studies and the International Bureau are the main bodies of the Union. The establish-ment of the Union has made it possible to standardize the basic charges applied to postal items. Thus, the rate of postage paid by users is based on international standards.
After the Second World War the UPU’s activities expanded rapidly, because it became a specialised agency of the United Nations and many new nations became independent. Membership increased from 85 in 1945 to 142 in 1969. As a result, the International Bureau’s premises were rapi-dly outgrown, and the various services had to be dispersed in different buildings. To remedy this situation the, UPU Executive Council in 1966 decided to construct a building big enough to meet the Union’s requirements for many years to come. Work on this project started in 1968 and has progressed so well that the building will be opened on 20th May, 1970. The new UPU headquarters building, situated at Oberes Murifeld, Berne, about a mile from the present building, consists of two-linked blocks; office block and conference block. Many member countries of the Union have made gifts to help equip and decorate the new building.

Inauguration EXPO 70 Osaka, Japan (March 15, 1970)

The format of the design is rectangular and vertical. The top portion of the stamp depicts the flags of Turkey, Iran and Pakistan. Just below these flags appears the Sun Tower against a blue background. The words” INAUGURATION EXPO-70 OSAKA “, and the symbol of EXPO-70 appear in reverse on the right side and the words ‘Postage’ and ‘50 Paisa’ on the left side of the Sun Tower. The lower portion of the stamp shows the site plan of EXPO-70 in multicolor. The word ‘Pakistan’ in Bengali, Urdu and English in red at the bottom of the stamp.
The World Exposition 1970 will be held for the first time in Asia—at Osaka, Japan. The theme of the Exposition is “Harmony and Progress For Mankind”, it will begin on the 15th March, 1970 and will continue for six months until Sep-tember 13, 1970. Based on an area of 3.3 million square meters—on the hills of Suita—the Expo will display an arena of items depicting the vast progress of mankind. The Govern-ment of Pakistan has decided to participate in the Expo and the Pakistan Post Office is issuing a postage stamp of 50-Paisa de-nomination on March 15, 1970 to commemorate the occasion.
Pakistan’s participation in the Exposition is jointly organised with its two R.C.D. partners—Iran and Turkey. Housed under one roof, the three countries have separate sections. Erected on 300 square meters, Pakistan’s Pavilion will have on display items of archaeological and historical importance, manufactured goods, and representative articles of the country’s culture and tradition. The display is complemented with charts, graphs and other items of publicity depicting the land and its people. The pattern of the country’s structure both social and com-mercial is fully exhibited. The gradual shifting of the country’s role from a producer of primary items to one of a manufacturer of consumer goods is indicated through actual display of manu-factured goods.
The structure of Pakistan’s economy has undergone signi-ficant changes during the last 20 years. The share of agriculture in the gross national product, which was 59.9% in 1949-50, declined to 46.1 % in 1967-68, while the share of industry in-creased from 5.8% to 11.8% While in the early years Pakistan had to export raw Jute and raw cotton and import jute goads and cotton textiles, today she is not only self-sufficient in jute manufactures and textile goods -but has become an important exporter of these items. Similarly, products of many other local industries have found outlets in global markets. Pakistan’s imports are now predominantly industrial raw materials, machi-nery and fuels. The private sector activity, assisted by public investment and various concessions and facilities given by the Government of Pakistan, has been largely responsible for Pakis-tan’s rapid industrial growth. As against the investment provision of Rs. 437 crores during the Second Plan (1960-65), sanctions were given for Rs. 588.5 crores. Although in 1965-66 there was a general rise in output of all industries, it was parti-cularly pronounced in the case of jute goods (33.6%), sugar (16.4%), paper (12.7%) and hydrogenated vegetable oils (10.2%).
Pakistan’s economy being export-oriented, a number of measures have been taken by the Government to increase pro-duction, and expand and diversify the foreign trade. In 1960-61 manufactured goods amounted for 28 per cent of total exports of commodities in 1966-67 their share had risen to 48 per cent. The progressive improvement in export earnings reflects the essential soup4ess of the economy of Pakistan and the fiscal and administrative policies of the government. It also indicates that the business community of Pakistan acquiring the know-ledge and skill to meet international competition. Another contributing factor is the progressive diversification of Pakistan’s foreign trade. In the year 1960-61, Rs. 482 million worth of exports went to the non-traditional markets of Eastern Europe, Africa, the Middle East and South East Asia. 1i 1965-66 exports to these markets rose to Rs. 861 million. This change has been brought about in order to provide greater scope for Pakistan’s increasing export surpluses and to reduce dependence on traditional markets.
Pakistan’s Pavilion at Osaka thus projects a vivid image of this progress. And while this has been highlighted, tradition has not been forgotten: items such as handicrafts and hand-made articles such as pink pearls and jewelry, costume cloth, brass and copper ware and handloom products add to splendour of the display. Side by side arrangements have been made for making available the country’s main delicacies to visitors—to be served in a befitting style by Pakistani waiters.