Tenth Anniversary Of The Centre On Integrated Rural Development For Asia And The Pacific (1979 - 1989) (1989-19)

The Centre on Integrated Rural Development for Asia and the Pacific (CIRDAP) is a regional inter-governmental and autonomous institution. It was established in 1979 at the initiative of the countries of the Asia and Pacific Region and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO).
Objectives
The objectives of the Canter are:
(a) to assist national action and to promote regional co-operation relating to integrated rural development through a network of national institutions in Member States in the Asia and Pacific region, with the aim, in particular, of improving the production, income and living conditions of small-scale farmers and other needy rural groups and of encouraging their participation in social and economic life; and
(b)to act as a servicing institution for its Member States, with respect to integrated rural development by providing them with technical support, by fostering the exchange of ideas and experiences and by encouraging such joint or collaborative activities as may benefit those States individually or collectively.
Functions
For the achievement of its objectives CIRDAP
(a) conducts and through the national IRD Centres, promotes or assists research on various aspects of integrated rural development in the Region, with emphasis on alternative approaches leading to more effective field action programmes;
(b) holds consultative conferences or other meetings enabling national decision-makers, research workers, planners and executives to exchange ideas and experiences on integrated rural development and to identify areas in which joint collaborative efforts would be promoted for the mutual benefit of Member States;
(c) organizes training courses on planning, implementation and evaluation of programmes for integrated rural development and assists, where desired, the national IRD centres in implementing their respective training programmes;
(d)provides technical support to national IRD centres and maintains liaison with such centres and with national, regional or international organizations or agencies concerned with integrated rural development;
(c)serves as a clearing house and data bank for information on integrated rural development in the region and promotes the dissemination of information through publications and the preparation of documentation, including the translation of significant publications on integrated rural development; and
(f) performs such other functions as may be necessary or useful for the attainment of its objectives.
Organizational Setup Governing Council
The Governing Council consists of one representative from each Member State. The current Chairman and Vice-Chairman are Nepal and Malaysia. respectively. The Council serves as the policy making body and meets regularly once every two years.
Executive Committee
The Executive Committee consists of five members. These are the Host State and four other Member States elected by the Governing Council for a term of two years. The current members are Bangladesh, India, Lao, Philippines and Sri Lanka. The Committee serves as the \"working arm\" of the Governing Council and performs functions delegated to it by the Council. It meets at least once a year.
Technical Committee
The Technical Committee serves primarily in an advisory capacity with regard to the technical and financial aspects of the programmes of the Centre. It meets at least once a year. The current members of the Committee are as follows representative of the Government of Japan, representative of EDI of World Bank, the heads of national IRD centres of all Member States; the Director-General of FAO or his representative; Prof. Hiroyuki Nishimura, Kyoto University, Japan as an IRD Expert, a representative of the Inter-Agency Committee on Integrated Rural Development for Asia and the Pacific; the Director of CIRDAP.
IRD Network and Contact Ministries
The member States have designated the following Institutions and Ministries to act as Regional IRD network and contact points of CIRDAP, respectively.
Member Countries
Bangladesh
Link Institutions
Bangladesh Academy for Rural Development (BARD), Kotbari, Comilla.
Contact Ministries
Ministry of LGRD & Co-operatives, Government of Bangladesh. Bangladesh Secretariat, Dhaka-2. India
Link Institutions
National Institute of Rural Development (NIRD), Rajendranagar, Hyderabad 500 030. Contact Ministries
Department of Rural Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Krishi Bhavan, New Delhi 110001
Indonesia
Link Institutions
Directorate General of Rural Development Ministry of Home Affairs. Pasar Minggu, Jakarta Selaton.
Contact Ministries
Ministry of Home Affairs, Jl Merdeka Utara No. 7, Jakarta.
Lao PDR
Link Institutions
Ministry of Agriculture, Irrigation and Cooperatives Vientiane.
Contact Ministries
Ministry of Agriculture, Irrigation and Cooperatives Vientiane.
Malaysia
Link Institutions
Ministry of Agriculture, Wisma Tani, Jalan Mahameru, Kuala Lumpur 10-02.
Contact Ministries
Ministry of Agriculture, Wisma Tani, Jalan Makameru Kuala Lumpur 10-02
Nepal
Link Institutions
Agricultural Projects Services Centre (APROSC) Ramshah Path, Katmandu.
Contact Ministries
Ministry of Panchayat and Local Development, Shree Mahal, Pul chowk, Katmandu.
Pakistan
Link Institutions
National Centre for Rural Development (NCRD). Park Road, Chak Shahzad, Islamabad.
Contact Ministries
Ministry of Local Government and Rural Development, House No. 20, St. No. 25, F-8/2, Islamabad.
Philippines
Link Institutions
National Council on Integrated Area Development (NACIAD),
FBI Building, 60 Timog Avenue, Dilman, Quezon City.
Contact Ministries
National Council on Integrated Area Development (NACIAD), FBI Bldg., 60 Timog Avenue,
Dilman Quezon City.
Sri Lanka
Link Institutions
Agrarian Research and Training Institute (ARTI) 114, Wijerama Mawatha, Colombo 3.
Contact Ministries
Ministry of Agricultural Development and Research. Government of Sri Lanka, 73/1. Galle Flood, Colombo-3.
Thailand
Link Institutions
Office of the National FAQ Committee Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives. Rajadamnern Avenue, Bangkok.
Contact Ministries
Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives Government of Thailand, Rajadamnem Avenue, Bangkok. Vietnam
Link Institutions
International Co-operation Department, Ministry of Agriculture, No. 6 Nguyen cong Tru, Hanoi.
Contact Ministries
International Co-operation Department. Ministry of Agriculture, No. 6 Nguyen cong, Tru, Hanoi.
(Contributed by Ministry of Local Government & Rural Development, Islamabad)
To commemorate the Tenth Anniversary of the Centre on Integrated Rural Development for Asia and Pacific (CIRDAP), Pakistan Post Office is issuing a stamp of Rs. 3/- denomination on December 31, 1989.

125 Years Of Government College Lahore (1864 - 1989) (1989-18)

Government College Lahore is a premier institution of South Asia and the oldest seat of higher learning in Pakistan. It was established in 1864 in a portion of Raja Dhyan Singh’s Haveli inside Lahore city and shifted to its present premises in 1876, the College began with 9 students and the number rose to 101 in 1876.
It was initially affiliated to the Calcutta University but this association could not last long. Its great distance created a host of academic problems for the College and compelled Dr Leitner. the then Principal, to strive for a University at Lahore.
As a result of his vigorous efforts the University of the Punjab was established in 1882. Today, Government College, Lahore imparts instructions to Intermediate & Degree classes, runs 14 research-oriented post graduate departments, has 3500 students on its rolls and a teaching staff of 235 members.
Dr G.W. Leitner was the first Principal and served the college for 22 years. Before 1947 almost all its worthy Principals came from the British Isles. After Independence, this post has been held by such men of eminence and culture as Prof. A.S. Bokhari, Prof. U. Karamat, Prof. Siraj-ud-Din, Khawaja Manzoor Hussain and Dr Nazir Ahmad.
Since its early years the College has enjoyed a wide reputation for its academic and cultural excellence. Year after year its boys have topped the list of the Board & University Examinations and established a tradition of scholarship that is hard to excel.
Apart from this, the College has served as one of the most active and productive nurseries for sportsmen, poets, actors, speakers and artists and provided the nation with some of the finest professionals in almost all walks of life. Some of its gifted alumni Dr Muhammad Iqbal, Faiz Ahmed Faiz and Dr Abdus Salam have won worldwide recognition for their great achievements.
The main building of the College is a magnificent edifice and reflects the Gothic style of architecture. It is a splendid synthesis of beauty and solidity; elaborate design and massiveness of structure. With its rich overall visual effect, Government College, Lahore stands out as a conspicuous landmark in the topography of Lahore.
1989 is a year of great significance for the college. This year it celebrates the 125th Anniversary of its eventful career. The year 1989 also marks the attainment of a long-cherished goal-namely, the grant of an autonomous status for the College.
Government College, Lahore is an institution of recognised national distinction. With its strong commitment to academic and cultural excellence, it is determined to forge ahead and explore new avenues of knowledge and progress.
The Ravian motto “Courage to Know” embodies the sacred ideals and aspirations of this time honoured institution.
Contributed by Principal Government College, Lahore.
To commemorate 125th Anniversary of Government College, Lahore, Pakistan Post Office is issuing a stamp of Rs 6 denomination on December 21, 1989.

100 Years Of Murray College Sialkot. (1989-17)

What is now called Government Murray College, Sialkot and rightly takes pride in being the Alma Mater of the greatest poet-philosopher of the East, Dr Mohammed lqbal and Faiz Ahmed Faiz, had a very modest beginning. It was initially started in 1868 as Scotch Mission High School situated in Kanak Mandi, Sialkot, but was, in 1889 graduated to the status of an Intermediate College at the request of the then Punjab Government.
Dr Mohammed Iqbal joined the said school in 1883 in the infant class, studied here till he matriculated in 1893. He was enrolled as an Intermediate student on May 5,1893.
The early history of Murray College is both interesting and singular. The Foreign Committee of the Church of Scotland was requested in 1883 to open a college in Lahore. It turned down not only the request of the Punjab Government but even an attractive offer of Pounds: 25,000.00 as financial aid by one Sardar Sarwat Singh for the purpose.
The said Foreign Committee, at that stage, perhaps could not even dream that destiny had, incognito, turned the scales in favour of the people of Sialkot.
In 1889, the Punjab Government again approached the said Foreign Committee to open a college at Sialkot. The then Lt. Governor of Punjab even earmarked a financial grant for the purpose. Consequently, in 1889, the Intermediate section of the college was started in the school building itself.
For 20 years, classes were met in the same building and by almost the same staff. The first Intermediate class (11th class) was started with only eleven (11) boys.
The teaching staff including the principal Rev. Dr J.W. Younqson consisted of only four members, incidentally representing all the four major communities of the undivided India. Moulvi Mir Hasan Sahib, Mr Narinjan Das and Sardar Harnam Singh.
They jointly taught seven subjects; English, Philosophy, Arabic, Persian, Maths, Chemistry and Physics. Of these, Moulvi Mir Hasan Sahib; the recipient of the title Shamsul Ulema; Dr Iqbal’s teacher and mentor, served the school and the college for a record period of sixty long years. We salute that great scholar-teacher.
In 1890, the total number of students on the college rolls did not go beyond 17. When the college moved to its present premises in 1909, the total number of students stood at 41 only.
With the shifting of the college to its present site, its name was changed to Murray College. It was necessitated by a legacy left by Captain John Murray for the college. The formal inauguration of the college was performed by Sir Louis Dane on October 27, 1909. At that time, Rev. John Waugh (1901 . 1914) was the principal of the college.
His successor, Rev. Dr William Scott (1914 - 1923) an untiring dedicated worker had to pull the college through the World War I. He was followed by the greatest ever builder and disciplinarian principal, Rev. John Garrett (1923 . 1947). He along with his wife Dr H. Garrett and brother-in-law Rev. Dr William Lillie (a famous scholar-teacher of Philosophy) gave the college the dignity, prestige and academic standard it had not enjoyed so far in the Sub-continent.
With the passage of time, the total number of students and teachers multiplied. In 1923, the total number of students was 180 a number that rose to 424 in 1929.
With the joining of Professor R.C. Thomas and Prof. C.W. Tressler; a great teacher of History and a stern disciplinarian in 1929, Biology was also offered as an elective subject at Intermediate level.
B. A. Honours, teaching in English Literature and Maths were started in 1921 followed by M.A. in Philosophy and English in 1942, whereas B.Sc. Physics and Chemistry were started in 1944 and 1946, respectively.
After Independence, Rev. D. Leslie Scott (1947 - 1956),who was born at Daska Sialkot, like his father Rev. Dr William Scott had to pull the College through really difficult times. Within a couple of years, however, the college was once again on its way to make its humble contribution in almost all the prestigious fields of national life.
In 1956, the college was given nationalistic touch and Professor R.C. Thomas (a reputed teacher of Botany and Zoology with 27 years of service to his credit) was appointed as the first national principal. He retired in 1964.
His successor, Dr F.S. Khairullah (with almost the same length of meritorious service as Professor Thomas) was an all time popular teacher of Poetry and Drama. He was a gifted orator, editor, writer, satirist and humorist. As an administrator he would not tolerate any outsider. No teacher could miss any class or take things easy in his days. He retired soon after the nationalization of the college in 1972.
After the retirement of Dr F.S. Khairullah, Dr Vincent A. Das (a pure product of Murray College), took over the principal ship of the college. His approach to all administrative and academic problems of the college was based on his rich knowledge and deep understanding of human psychology and relationship.
He retired last year after having served the college for 39 long years. Its present principal, Professor Ahmed Raza Siddiqui is another pure product of Murray College. When he joined the college as an undergraduate science student in September 1947 or later as a lecturer of Physics in September 1953, he could not have even dreamt that he was destined to be the executive head of the same college at the time of its centenary celebrations.
Once started with only 11 students, four teachers and seven subjects the college community has now swelled upto well over 2390 under-graduate and post- graduate students, 4 Professors, 15 Assistant Professors and 73 Lecturers. It now offers well over 20 subjects of studies.
The present generation of teachers and students thrice salute all those Church of Scotland Missionaries - the founders, the financiers, the administrators and life long teachers who dedicated their lives to the cause of education in this remote part of the world.
For them today, the Centenary Message of Murray College in the words of Lord Tennyson would be.
MEN MAY COME AND MEN MAY GO,
BUT I GO ON FOR EVER.
Contributed by Principal Murray College, Sialkot.
To commemorate the 100 Years of Murray College, Sialkot, Pakistan Post Office is issuing one stamp of Rs 6 denomination on December 18, 1989.

Drug Abuse Society's Manace 1989 SAARC Year Against Narcotics. (1989-16)

The Government of Pakistan is faced with serious problem concerning drugs. In addition to well-documented traditional abuse of raw opium and cannabis, large scale trafficking in heroin which developed beginning in 1980, has led to major epidemic of heroin use in the Country. Abuse of psychotropic substances is also programme of technical cooperation to fight drug at all level of production, of raw material, trafficking and local consumption.
Results have been encouraging - in 1980 of some 800 tons to less than 120 tons in 1988. Plans are underway for eliminating the remaining production, with major spent from International Community.
The findings of National Survey on Drug Abuse 1988, show that of the estimated 2.24 million drug abusers in Pakistan, the vast majority at over 48% are heroin abusers. The breakdown is as follows.
Heroin: 1,079,635
Charas: 722,880
Opium:260,745
Bhang:131,205
Other drugs: 49,515
If we analyze, the drug abusers by their age, the predominance of heroin users in the younger age bracket, is appalling, and it falls in the 15-30 year age group. The average drug user is uneducated. 48% or nearly half of the users are illiterate or had no formal education.
At the same time about 24% are matriculate. In urban areas about half of the users are married and half are single, but in the rural areas the majority or about 60% of the users were single. Pakistan Government has launched a series of programmes for the elimination of narcotic menace. These include.
1. Eradication of narcotics production and processing.
2. Control of narcotics trafficking.
3. Education of prevention of drug abuse.
4. Treatment and rehabilitation of addicts.
The scope of Government efforts in the law enforcement field was considerably enhanced by enactment in 1984 of the revision of the Dangerous Drugs Act 1930 and Prohibition (Enforcement of Hadd) Ordinance 1979 enhancing punishment to life imprisonment to narcotic traffickers.
Preventive Education is recognised as a potential factor for achieving success in. the field of drug abuse in Pakistan. Pakistan Government, Ministry of Education introduced the drug education in the syllabus of class VI to X classes, not as special subject, but by infusion approach, in different subjects, ACTION PLAN - 1989 THE YEAR AGAINST DRUG ABUSE.
The Prime Minister of Pakistan while addressing the Inaugural Session of the 4th Summit of SAARC at Islamabad on December 29, 1988, was pleased to declare 1989 as the year against narcotics production, processing, trafficking and abuse. The Islamabad Declaration of the SAAFIC Summit has also highlighted 1989 as the SAARC year against Drug Abuse.
The Pakistan Narcotics Control Board in order to implement the directive of the Prime Minister and the Islamabad Declaration proposes the following Action Plan against narcotics during the year 1989.
LAW ENFORCEMENT
Effective enforcement of ban on poppy cultivation and eradication of poppy crop cultivated in various administrative districts of NWFP and Tribal Areas of Pakistan.
Collection of intelligence on the functioning of heroin processing labor-atories and putting them out of commission particularly in the Tribal Areas of NWFP and Baluchistan.
Strict law enforcement action against narcotic traffickers, dealers, dumping places and distribution points. This should be done on a “crash programme” basis all over the country.
Delegation of authority to Police and PNCB to arrest major narcotic traffickers, financiers and persons involved in narcotics trade through Preventive detention (MPO) .
SAARC PROGRAMMES
Organization of Regional Convention on Drug Control.
Meeting of SAARC countries NGOs will be organized in Islamabad to launch a programme of drug abuse prevention by .NGOs in SAARC countries.
PNCB/DAPRC will bring out a Special SAARC Issue in 1989 of the “Narcotics Information Bulletin”.
Participation of SAARC countries representatives in the PNCB programme for the prevention of drug abuse through the training and network of Preventive Resource Consultants.
A “Day Against Drug Abuse” should be celebrated in all SAARC countries including the following activities.
A message by the Heads of States through electronic and print media against drug abuse.
Organization of drug awareness events by local communities.
Concerned Government Ministries/Departments in all SAARC Countries should also launch an effective campaign against producers, traffickers and dealers.
A well-planned series of lectures, film shows and distribution of educational material in all secondary schools, colleges and universities should be carried out to educate the student youth about the harmful effects of narcotics abuse.
Post Office Department should consider issue of postage stamps and envelopes of certain denominations of narcotics prevention - 1989. The year Against Drug Abuse.
Pakistan shares with the rest of the world a deepening concern over the increasing frequency of illicit manufacturing and smuggling of narcotics and is extending every cooperation to International Community and especially the SAARC countries to eradicate this evil. Government commitment for the elimination of production, processing and trafficking and consumption of narcotics is total and unqualified.
We look forward to a drug free society in all the SAARC countries and as per Islamabad Declaration a high level of cooperation is required to eradicate the scourge of narcotics abuse in all SAARC countries.
Contributed by Pakistan Narcotics Control Board.
To focus world attention on the ‘Drug Abuse . Society’s Menace’ and to commemorate ‘1989 SAARC YEAR AGAINST NARCOTICS’, Pakistan Post Office is issuing one stamp of Rs 7 denomination on December, 1989.

Silver Jubilee Of Pakistan Television. (1989-15)

An important day in the history of communications in Pakistan is 26th November. The country’s first pilot television station went on air from Lahore that day. Television in Pakistan has never looked back.
Television was introduced in Pakistan to promote an enlightened awareness of the world as well as to foster a consciousness of Pakistan’s own heritage, the social and economic growth of the country and to provide inspiration and guidance for progress and prosperity. Television was considered necessary also for bringing about a genuine revolution in the social and cultural life of the masses, apart from its role as an instrument and most effective medium of education, entertainment and information.
In October, 1963, it was decided to establish a general purpose television service with the participation of private capital and under the general supervision of the Government of Pakistan. The first step towards the introduction of television was taken when the Government of Pakistan signed an agreement with the Nippon Electrical Company of Japan, allowing it to operate two pilot stations in Pakistan.
The first of these went on air in Lahore on November 26, 1964. The era of the electronic medium of mass communication had arrived.
On the completion of the experimental phase, a private limited company called Television Promoters Ltd, was set up in 1965. This Company was later converted into a public limited company in May 1967, when the Pakistan Television Corporation came into being.
Ambitious plans were chalked out for the development of television from the inception and a good many of these goals have been realised. Talent in the country has been sought out, nurtured, encouraged and developed. A great number of skilled and technical hands, producers and allied personnel were required.
The need has been fully met from within the Country. With modest beginnings, PTV quickly progressed to become an established TV network, recognized as one of the leading TV organizations in South East Asia. In achieving this, the enthusiastic and dedicated efforts of those working in Ply as well as those associated with it and the encouragement of the Government of Pakistan were the most vital factors.
Today in its twenty-fifty year, television has a National Network covering the five main programme producing and transmitting Centres at Karachi, Lahore, Rawalpindi, Quetta and Peshawar. These are linked with 28 high powered re-broadcast stations.
The Telephone and Telegraph Department of the Government of Pakistan has established a microwave link connecting all these five Centres and their re-broadcast station to form the PTV hook-up, known as the National Network.
The coverage now extends to about 86.39 percent of the total population and is viewed by people in all the four Provinces of the country. Millions more are expected to be brought under the viewing range with the establishment of more re-broadcast stations. The area under the umbrella of TV signals has steadily risen, from 8.029 sq. km in 1964 to approximately 295,906sq. km. in 1989.
The total estimated TV set-count now stands at move than 1.5 million, with an average viewer ship of about 8 persons per set. The viewer ship is higher in semi-urban and rural areas, as also on special occasions including live transmissions via satellite and telecast of sports events.
The national network carries most of these telecasts while individual Centres put on air programmes of regional interest. Transmissions via satellite, which commenced as early as 1972, are now a regular feature and cover important international events, including sports, of interest to the viewers in the country.
Colour Television came to Pakistan in 1976, and has added immeasurably to the viewing pleasure of the masses. The sophistication and artistry of PTV productions has also stood to gain from the introduction of colour. PTV productions have been entered in international competitions since 1971 and many are the awards they have won for the country.
PTV has also instituted the PTV Annual Awards, to acknowledge and honour excellence in various professions concerned with television. PTV Awards were first awarded in 1980 and have since been an incentive and encouragement to healthy competition and increasingly better standards of production and performance among TV professionals.
From as early as October 1975, educational telecasts have been on air, on the national network. The foundations of the educational television have been firmly laid. With the increased availability of resources, still greater development in the field of educational television will be on the cards.
Since January 1988, a regular morning transmission has commenced, (7 am to 8.15 am). Special short programmes are telecast in the morning. It is planned to extend the morning transmission, very shortly.
At present the daily telecast time is 7 hours - 7 days a week. There is, in addition, a regular morning transmission. The telecast is divided into units of programme hours in which time slots of 5, 10, 15, 25, or 50 minutes are provided for in various combinations.
Programmes are generally made to conform with these durations, though exceptional items and special coverage may be longer. In principle, in an hour of telecast, there is on the average, some 50 minutes of programme material, inter spaced with 10 minutes of commercial and presentation items including programme promotion, religious and other motivational quotations.
PTV has exported and is exporting a good number of its programmes and has thus served as an ambassador of Pakistani culture abroad.
During the early years of PTV, a Central Training Institute was set up for the training of programme producers and engineering personnel. This Institute has been elevated to a full-fledged PTV Academy. imparting training to television personnel in all fields news, engineering, management, finance, current affairs, programme production etc.
Though public service is the basic principle underlying programme planning, PTV also make available commercial time to advertisers on very reasonable terms to help promote national trade and industry. For the benefit of advertisers. A central Sales Office has been established at Karachi with regional sales offices at Lahore, Rawalpindi, Quetta, Peshawar, Faisalabad, Hyderabad, Multan and Gujranwala, for handling bookings of commercial time and sponsorships of programmes.
Over the years, PTV has brought out a number of publications of general and professional interest.
Development, with PTV, is a way of life Over the past 25 years, it had develop-ed in all spheres, gradually and surely. It is PTV’s earnest endeavour to provide inspiration to the nation and help in the process of dissemination of Islamic values and nation building activities besides meaningful programmes even in the context of entertainment programme. The development plans being pursued should help realize these objectives.
Contributed by Pakistan Television.
To commemorate Silver Jubilee of Pakistan Television Pakistan Post Office is issuing one commemorative postage stamp of Rs 3 denomination on November 26,1989.

800th Birth Anniversary Of Baba Farid. (1989-14)

Farid-ud-Din Masud, commonly known as Baba Farid Ganj Shaker was born in the twelfth Century AD at Khotwal near Multan. His grand-father Qazi Shoaib had migrated from Kabul during the early period of 12th Century.
Baba Farid’s first teacher, whose influence was most lasting, was his mother Qursum Bibi, a lady of fervent piety. Then he joined the Madrassa of Maulana Minhaj-ud-Din where he met Khawaja Bakhtiar Kaki, the renowned disciple of Khawaja Syed Moin-ud-Din Chishty. They were contemporaries of Sheikh Baha-ud-Din Zakriya. It is also reported that Baba Farid received higher education in Qandhar.
Baba Farid after completing his education joined Khawaja Bakhtiar Kaki as his disciple. Few saints in the long chequered history of Indo-Muslim mysticism have subjected their physical self to such rigorous spiritual disciple as Baba Farid. His life of 95 years is an illustration of the way in which a devotee struggles to shatter human limitations and liberates himself in order to live and lead his life for his Lord.
This mystic belief in God had a value in terms of human life. It made him a citizen of that universal society in which God is the Supreme Intelligence and all human beings, His manifestation.
Baba Farid’s place in the history of Chishty School of Islam and in the socio-political annals of Asia is unique. He was the first poet of commitment in this region who struggled against poverty, misery, exploitation and the degradation of human beings.
Once he was offered a pair of scissors which he returned with the remarks that his mission lies in joining and stitching and not tearing or cutting.
He had the distinction of establishing an educational Institution at Ajodhan, now Pakpattan, where he trained a long chain of scholars like Hazrat Nizam-ud-Din Auliya, Ali Sabir of Kaliar Sharif and Syed Badar- His abiding influence on literature, various movements in the Sub-continent and mysticism is widely acknowledged.
His poetry and message had a direct appeal and was couched in such a celestial tone that Guru Nanak Sahib incorporated these verses in Guru Guranth Sahib which is now an article of faith for the devotees of Baba Nanak Sahib.
Contributed by Chairman, Baba Farid International Conference 1989.
To commemorate this august occasion Pakistan Post Office is issuing one commemorative postage stamp of Rs 3 denomination on October 20, 1989.

Fourth SAF Games Islamabad. (1989-13)

The South Asian Sports Federation (SASF) was formed in 1981 with a view to promoting Sports, physical culture, art and ethnic cultures of the member countries as well as good will amongst South Asian Countries.
The member countries are; Pakistan, India, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Afghanistan and Maldives. During a meeting in West Germany in 1981 it was decided that the SAF Games would be hosted annually by one of the members. The Motto of the federation is Peace - Perseverance - Progress.
The first SAF Games were held in Katmandu (Nepal) in 1984, followed by games at Dhaka (Bangladesh) in 1985 and in Calcutta (India) in 1987. This year Pakistan is to host the 4th SAF Games at Islamabad.
The eight-day SAF Games are scheduled to be held from 20th to 27th October, 1989. Ten disciplines ie Athletics, Boxing, Football, Squash, Kabadi (Asia Style), Table Tennis, Swimming, Weightlifting, Volleyball and Wrestling are being contested. Never before has such an event involving so many disciplines, been held in Pakistan. The unique honour, has come at a time when Pakistan is back in the democratic era.
Squash, in which Pakistan occupies a unique international position has been included for the very first time. Due recognition given to squash in the SAF games may help it’s inclusion in future at the Asian and Olympic level. Over a 1000 sportsmen and sports women will vie for top honours. Pakistan is fielding the maximum participants and is contesting all disciplines.
Holding of the SAF games is a gigantic task and Pakistan has accepted the challenge with full confidence, hoping to make it the finest of all the games held yet. Besides cultural shows, exhibitions and other activities, colourful opening and closing ceremonies have also been planned.
Contributed by South Asia Sports Federation Islamabad.
To commemorate the 4th SAF Games Islamabad, Pakistan Post Office is issuing a stamp of Re 1 denomination on October 20, 1989.

World Food Day. (1989-12)

The 20th Session of the FAO Conference, in November 1979, unanimously approved a resolution establishing a World Food Day, to be observed annually, on 16th October, the anniversary of FAQ which was established in the same day of 1945.
It was proposed that World Food Day should also be observed at national, regional and international levels to provide a global focus for the event. The first World Food Day was observed in some 140 countries in 1981 and has since become an important annual event in almost every nation in the world, involving millions of people - from the highest government leaders and officials of major international development organizations to private citizens, school children and the rural poor.
The main purpose of this annual event is to increase public awareness on the gravity of the food situation in many developing countries and effective remedial action. In spite of the optimistic resolve expressed at the World Food Conference of 1974, that the problem of hunger would he eliminated within a decade, it was clear that the number of those who chronically suffer from acute malnutrition is growing.
While the main focus of WFD activities is on grassroots initiatives at the national level, the Day has evolved into a worldwide movement which is creating a network of international awareness and cooperation. Important symbols of this international dimension are the annual WFD ceremonies held at the UN Headquarters in New York, the FAQ Headquarters in Rome and the FAQ Regional Offices.
World Food Day is based on the belief that, through informed goodwill and sustained cooperative efforts, world hunger can be eliminated in the near future and social justice achieved for all.
A long-term solution to the problem of global and national hunger requires that greater priority be given to agriculture and increased food production in developing countries and that the vital role and contribution of Third World food producers be more fully recognized. The ultimate purpose of development is to improve the lives of people.
From its inception, WFD has given this philosophy concrete expression through specific objectives to heighten public awareness on the nature and dimensions of the world food problem, including its ethical aspects, and to strengthen the sense of national and international solidarity in the struggle against hunger, malnutrition and poverty;
To encourage greater efforts, at all levels and among all groups, to increasing food production and to recognizing the successes achieved in food and agricultural development;
To promote the transfer of science and technology to developing countries and economic and technical cooperation among developing countries, particularly for the benefit of the small food producer and the landless labourer;
To promote the participation of rural people, especially women and the poorest segments of the populations, in decisions and activities which effect their lives and livelihoods.
With increased recognition of the value of WFD, more and more countries expand their WFD activities, and it has become clear that the Day’s impact is greatest when;
The ethical dimension of the WFD message is stressed;
The observance is extended beyond formal ceremonies to activities with a substantive, lasting educational or practical value;
The observance is extended beyond a ‘day’ to a ‘week’ or ‘month’, or is continued year-round; and
The activities involve the rural people - the farmers, fishermen, foresters etc - as planners and active participants.
World Food Day serves as a reminder that hundreds of millions of human beings, despite their best efforts, do not have enough to eat, suffer from inadequate shelter and clothing, earn little, lack of basic community services, education and health care.
Most of the food which feeds the people in the developing world is produced by small-scale farmers and fishermen who labour under difficult conditions and against enormous obstacles. World Food Day reminds that these people desperately need help, not in the form of charity or welfare, but in forms which will make them less vulnerable, better able to make the most of available natural and human resources, more productive and self-reliant. Since 1983, each WFD has centered around a theme designed to focus attention on some particular dimension of food production and rural life.
The theme for 1989 WFD is be “Food and Environment”. This is a subject of universal interest affecting all humanity. The concept of self-sustained development refers to a specific type of development, which is capable of meeting the basic needs of the present without affecting the capacity of future generations to satisfy their own needs.
This has various implications for agriculture and its relation with the environment, such as the conservation of plant genetic resources; pollution of water resources; the use of chemical products, pesticides and fertilizers effecting the food chain; acid rain and its effects on forests; desertification and deforestation; and so on.
Contributed by: Food and Agriculture Organization Islamabad.
To commemorate the World Food Day Pakistan Post Office is issuing one commemorative postage stamp of Re 1 denomination on October 16, 1989. This set is the second in the ‘WORLD FOOD DAY’ stamp series. The first series, consisting of a set of four (horizontal setenant) stamps of Rs 3 each design, was brought on October 24, 1983.

Wildlife- Himalayan Black Bear. (1989-11)

BEARS OF THE WORLD
Most authorities recognize seven living bear species; all but the South American Spectacled Bear, which lives in the Andes from Venezuela south to Bolivia, are restricted to the Northern Hemisphere. The distribution ranges of two species, the Polar Bear and the Brown (or Grizzly) Bear, encircle the globe in arctic and sub-arctic, and temperate regions, respectively.
North America holds a fourth species, the American Black Bear, and Asia holds a further three, the Sloth Bear, Sun Bear and Asian or Himalayan Black Bear.
These last three species, and the Spectacled Bear, are each included in one of four separate genera; the remainder are all assigned to the genus Ursus, although some taxonomists place the Himalayan Black Bear in this genus.
THE HIMALAYAN BLACK BEAR
The generic name of the Asian or Himalayan Black Bear, Selenarctos thibetanus, is translated as “moon bear”, and refer to the characteristic pale yellow V-shaped mark, looking a bit like a sickle moon, which extends from the lower chest up toward each armpit.
This chest mark, which variously is white, creamy yellow or buff, and a reddish brown muzzle which is often pale on the chin, contrast with the rest of the body, which is typically glossy jet black, although it can be dark reddish brown in some individuals.
It is a medium-sized bear, the head and body being between 1.5 and 1.75 m, and the weight around 120 kg; females are typically a little smaller and lighter. Several subspecies have been described, based on regional variations in colour and size, but some of these have little real significance.
WIDELY DISTRIBUTED IN ASIA
The Himalayan Black Bear is very widespread in south and east Asia, far beyond the confines of the Himalayas. In the south, the species extends throughout the lower hills of the Himalayas and associated mountain ranges, in Pakistan, India, Nepal, Burma and Bhutan.
A SHY FOREST FRUGIVORE
The Himalayan Black Bear is primarily a forest species; it rarely ventures above the tree-line, and so in the Himalayas, occurs below some 3000 m, and rarely occurs in areas devoid of significant forest cover.
The bear takes shelter in a burrow dug with its own powerful forelimbs, or in a suitable crevice in tumbled rocks, or under tree roots. It does not always enter a prolonged phase of deep hibernation during winter, but may emerge to forage from time to time, especially if food is abundant, and some individuals may move to lower elevations.
Mating may vary in timing across the large range; in Pakistan, it is believed to occur in October and the cubs, tiny and blind, usually two in number, are born early in the next year while the female is shelter-ing in her winter quarters, Most foraging is done at night, and the bear rests during the day; the species may be more day-active in areas without human disturbance, but does not completely avoid the vicinity of man; in fact, crops cultivated around hill villages can be an important source of food for bears.
CLOSE ENCOUNTERS CAN BE DANGEROUS
Although most Himalayan Black Bears kill and consume nothing larger than ants and insect larvae throughout their life, some individuals appear to develop a talent for killing larger animals, such as sheep and goats, and all are treated with great respect by humans who share their environment. In the foothills of the Himalayas, they are more feared than Tigers Panthera Tigris, and probably inflict many more injuries upon people.
BLACK BEARS IN PAKISTAN
Two of the numerous described subspecies occur in Pakistan the Himalayan form Selenarctos thibetanus laniger and the Baluchistan Black Bear S.t gedrosianus. The former is found in the northern areas, notably Swat Kohistan, also Baltistan, Hazara, Gilgit and Chitral, where the preferred habitat is Himalayan moist temperate forest.
The range of the species probably used to extend continuously southward from the northern mountains, through the North-west Frontier Province and the Suleiman Range; into Baluchistan Province, and on westward into the Iranian Baluchistan. Both the northern and Baluchistan bear populations are suffering the effects of persecution and habitat disturbance, but the former is the more acutely threatened.
DEPLETED BY HUNTING AND HABITAT LOSS
Suitable habitat for the bear has diminished in much of its world range; significant Black Bear populations may survive mainly in more remote and thickly-forested hill regions, and such areas now form a relatively small part of the species’ world range.
Deliberate persecution for sport, medicinal purposes or for reputed pest control, has certainly affected Black Bear numbers in parts of the range and the apparent upsurge in demand for bear products in certain traditional medicinal systems in China, Japan and South Korea is a very serious threat.
International trade in this species and its products is prohibited between countries party to the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) .
The highly threatened Balochistan Black Bear is protected by legislation in Balochistan Province, Pakistan, and hunting of Black Bears in the other Provinces is subject to game controls. Overall, the status of the Himalayan or Asian Black Bear is poorly known, and this neglected species requires much attention.
Courtesy WWF International.
Pakistan Post Office also wishes to acknowledge with thanks the WWF International for permission to reproduce WWF Logo on the ‘Himalayan Black Bear’ stamps.
To focus world attention on the need to protect and preserve this vulnerable wildlife species, Pakistan Post Office is issuing a set of four special postage stamps of Rs 4 each (depicting the Himalayan Black Bear) on October 7, 1989. It is a part of the series on wildlife stamps being issued by Pakistan Post Office since 1975.

245th Annual Urs And 300th Year Of The Birth Of Shah Abdul Latif Bhitai - 1989. (1989-10)

Shah Abdul Latif, the most popular and versatile poet of Sindhi language and the greatest exponent of Sindhi Sufi thought and Sindhi traditions, was born in 1689 AD in Hala Haveli, presently a township in Hyderabad District.
By descent he belonged to an already well-known and highly esteemed Jararpota Sayyad family of Sind which also had a traditional reputation as having produced poets. Shah Karim was one of his ancestors.
The themes and the contents of his poetry show the great dimensions of his genius for Sindhi poetry and overshadow the formal education of his times that he must have received which at that time included the study of Quran and Theology and learning of Arabic and Persian languages.
His sufistic longings took him to Lasbella, and parts of Makran in Balochistan, which brought him in contact with all sections of the people, the poor villagers, artisans, farmers, the sons of the desert in the South-East of Sindh, and the mountaineers in its west, where he discovered the life and traditions, worries and sorrows, the hopes and aspirations of the people thus also he came to explore the spiritual side of other modes of life, particularly Hinduism, and associated himself with the sadhus of various Hindu sects, and visited the Ganja Mount in Sindh, Mount Girnar in Kathiawar, and Nani in Makran.
The variety of his experiences made him acutely aware of the \'Essence beyond the veil of the ceremonials the \'Essence\', according to him, consists of Love for the Creator and the fellow human beings.
He retired to lonely prayers and long solitude to experience the truth at the higher spiritual levels from these he emerged imbued with love for humanity. He imparted his experiences to others through his verses which eventually reached every hut and hamlet in the country he built a new abode for himself and his associates on Sand-dune called \'Bhit\' in Sindhi and thereby came to be known to the people all around as Bhitai ie, of the Bhit.
The years of his life marked the turning point in the history of the lndo-Pak Subcontinent and also that of Sindh. By the time he was 18 years old, Emperor Aurangzeb Alamgir died in 1707 and his death marked the disintegration of the Mughal Empire and Sindh, which was a part of the Mughal Dominions, gained independence under the dynastic rule of the Kalhoras which through their religious leadership and influence now gained the temporal power.
Latif was 50 years old when Nadir Shah sacked and devastated Delhi and over-ran Sindh, and Latif was 58 when Ahmed Shah Abdali invaded India and annexed Sindh. Shah Abdul Latif, who had already been moved by the pitiful conditions of the masses of the area now further attached himself to the common folk whose ideals and ways of life he proceeded to uphold and advocate through his poetry.
His father Shah Habib died in 1742 AD and Shah Abdul Latif became the head of his house but more so as a reverend \'Saint of Bhit\' aged 53. For the next 10 years Bhit was the reverend sanctuary of the Saint and his associates, an abode for the fakirs, and the place of pilgrimage for his followers.
During these years he, in all probability composed the bulk of his poems containing his social and spiritual experiences.
He died in 1752 AD, but by that time the echo of his sweet melodies from Bhit resounded all over Sind and had already endeared the Soul-touching verses of the poet to all sections of the people, the Muslims and the Hindus, the poor and the rich alike.
If hundreds of suns were to arise,
And eighty four moons were to surprise,
By Allah, without the Beloved\'s face,
Darkness there would be, without a ray\'s trace.
Who knows before dying to be annihilated,
They will not be conquered, but resurrected,
Such ones, indeed, will live through Eternity,
Who have learnt, in this life, the secret of immortality.
The gallows are indeed an ornament,
And for the lovers a final fulfillment,
To falter or flee would be a disgrace,
For those that are bent to tribulations face, To boldly welcome and great annihilation
is, indeed a lover\'s eternal destination.
If yourself you a moth call,
Let the flame in extinction fall,
The fire has burnt many a one,
You with yourself the fire burn,
Learn the art of fire-extinguishing,
Let not the world know its reckoning
Contributed by: The Secretary, The Culture and Tourism, Government of Sindh.
The 300th year of the birth and the 245th Urs celebrations (14-16 Safer 1410 A.H.) of Hazrat Shah Abdul Latif Bhitai are being inaugurated at Bhit by Mohtarma Benazir Bhutto, the first democratically elected Prime Minister of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan.
To commemorate this august occasion Pakistan Post Office is issuing one commemorative postage stamp of Rs 2 denomination on l4 Safar 1410 AH (corresponding to September 16, 1989 AD).
This is the third set of stamp issued by Pakistan Post Office on Hazrat Shah Abdul Latif Bhitai. The first set in this series was issued on June 25, 1964 and consisted of one stamp of 50 Paisa; while the second set was released on October 8, 1987 and comprised of one stamp of 80 Paisa value.

Independence Day Quaid-i-Azam Mohammad Ali Jinnah. (1989-9)

The dawn of 14th August, 1947 heralded the establishment of a new country on the map of the world. Born out of an unprecedented constitutional struggle of the Muslim Ummah of the Indo-Pakistan Sub-continent under the most dynamic Leadership of Quaid-i-Azam Mohammad All Jinnah and stripped of all readily available resources to steer the Country out of the turbulent waves and the agonizing turmoil let loose by its arch enemies, that had so violently preceded and then brazenly followed the Day of Independence, the Nation began to put its indelible mark on the annals of history through awe-inspiring display of “UNITY FAITH AND DISCIPLINE”.
Pakistan Post Office, too, began to perform its pristine functions the moment Pakistan came into being when this Department started sending the reverberations of ‘Pakistan Zindabad’ (Long live Pakistan) to the nook and corner of the world through the use of Special Postmarks on all outgoing mail from the Country. These special post-marks now stand petrified in history as the first “Ambassadors of goodwill” of Pakistan the world over.
Although efforts were made soon after the Independence to introduce Pakistan postage stamps on the 14th August, 1947 yet, the Security Printing Press at Nasik near Bombay. which had been printing postage stamps for long, could not find it possible to do so. It was, therefore, decided to have the Indian postage stamps overprinted with the word ‘Pakistan’ and introduce them on the 14th August, 1947.
This also proved too much for the Printers and from August 14, 1947 to September 30, 1947 the Indian postage stamps were freely used in the territories comprising Pakistan as well. The King George VI Indian postage stamps over printed with the word ‘Pakistan’ were introduced on 1st October, 1947.
The over printing was done by the Security Printing Press, Nasik as well as by Government Presses in Pakistan. Hand stamping of such stamps was not authorized, although a number of stamps over printed by hand are available. These overprints were invalidated on 31st October, 1949 and finally destroyed.
The first purely Pakistani postage stamps appeared on 9th July, 1948 in a set of four with the word ‘Pakistan Zindabad’ inscribed on them.
These were, however, commemorative and not regular stamps. The first regular series of stamps (also called definitive! ordinary) consisting of a set of twenty stamps was issued on the 14th August, 1948. This series has the singular distinction of containing two designs of historic significance; one design depicting ‘Crescent and Star’ facing north east in the value of one Anna which was personally approved by Quaid-e-Azam Mohammad All Jinnah and the other also depicting Crescent and Star and designed by the world famous Artist Abdul Rehman Chughtai (Re 1 value) was adjudged as one of the most beautiful stamps of she world.
The set consisted of the following denominations 3 Pies, 6 Pies, 9 Pies, 1 Anna, 1 1/2 Anna, 2 Anna, 2 1/2 Anna, 3 Anna, 3 1/2 Anna, 4 Anna, 6 Anna, 8 Anna, 10 Anna, 12 Anna, Re 1, Rs 2, Rs 5, Rs 10, Rs 15, Rs 25.
The Second Regular Series with ‘Crescent and Star Facing North West’ was issued in February 1949 and consisted of a set of eight stamps (1 Anna, 1 1/2 Anna, 2 Anna, 3 Anna, 6 Anna, 8 Anna, 10 Anna, 12 Anna) .
The Third Regular Series was released on the occasion of the 4th Anniversary of Independence on 1401 August, 1951 and consisted of nine stamps in the values of 2 1/2 Anna, 3 Anna, 3 1/2 Anna, again issued with corrected Urdu denomination 2 ½ Anna, 4 Anna, 6 Anna, 8 Anna, 10 Anna, 12 Anna.
The Fourth Regular Series was brought out on the occasion of the 7th Anniversary of Independence (14th August, 19541 and consisted of seven stamps in the values of 6 pies, 9 Pies, 1 Anna, 1 ½ Anna, 14 Anna, Re. 1/- and Rs 2.
The Fifth Regular Series consisting of a set of five stamps was released on the 8th Anniversary of Independence on the 14th August 1955. These were in the value of 2% Anna, again issued with corrected Urdu denomination as 2/12 Anna, 6 Anna, B Anna, 12 Anna.
The Sixth Regular Series consisting of a single stamp of 2 Anna was issued on the 9th Anniversary of Independence (14th August, 19561.
Note All the regular series stamps prior to this 9th Anniversary issue were being printed by Thomas De La Rue London; henceforth all regular series stamps were printed by the PSPC.
The Seventh Regular Series was released on the ‘Second Anniversary of the Republic Day’ on March 23, 1958 and consisted of a single stamp of Rs 15 denomination (Interestingly the world coconut has been misspelled as coconut on this definitive stamp. This mistake was not corrected subsequently) .
The Eighth Regular Series was again issued on the ‘Anniversary of the Republic Day on March 23, 1960 and comprised a set of 4 stamps (6 Pies, 2 Anna, 8 Anna, Re 1). All these stamps for the first time depicted a map showing the correct position of Jammu and Kashmir viza-a-viz Pakistan & India.
Time Ninth Regular Series was issued on the ‘Introduction of Decimal Coinage’ with effect from lst January, 1961. The series consisted of the following classification.
a). Five stamps in Khyber Pass design.
b). Eight stamps in Shalimar Gardens design.
c). Four stamps in Gate Way of Chota Sona Masjid design.
d). Nine stamps overprinted with the decimal coinage (in black) on the old Pies anti Anna series stamps (total 26 stamps).
All these 26 stamps were issued on different dates ranging between January 1, 1961 till March 23. 1972. A denomination wise break up of these is given below.
a) Khyber Pass
1p 01-01-1961
2P 12-01-1961
3P 27-10-1961
6P 2303-1961
7P 23-02-1961
b) Shalimar Garden
10p 14-08-1961
13P 14.08-1961
15P 31-12-1964
20P 26-01-1970
25P 01-01-1962
40P 01-01-1962
50P 01-01-1962
75P 23-03-1962
90P 01-01-1962
a) Chota Sona Masjid Gate Way
Re 1 07-01.1963
Rs 1/25 27-10-1961
Rs 2 07-01 -1963
Rs 5 07-01-1963
OLD PIES AND ANNA SERIES WITH DECIMAL COINAGE OVERPRINTED
1P 10-01 -1961 (14-08-1954 issue)
2P 01-01-1961 (14-08-1948 issue)
3P 01-01-1961 (23-03-1960 issue)
4P 18-07-1968 (14-08-1951 issue)
7P 14-03-1961 (14-08-1954 issue)
13 P01 -01-1961 (23-06-1960 issue)
13 P14-02-1961 (14-08-1956 issue)
60P 18-07-1968 (14-08-1951 issue)
The Tenth Regular Series consisting of three stamps 2P, 3P and 5P depicting the ‘Minar-e-Qarardad-e-.Pakistan’ was issued on 07-1 1-1978.
The Eleventh Regular Series depicting a ‘Tractor’ symbolizing the importance of the use of modern technology n agriculture) was launched between 11-10-1978 to 25-03-1979 and contained 8 stamps in different values. These value & issue dates are as follows.
1) l0P 11-10-1978
2) 20P 25-03-1979
3) 25P 19-03-1979
4) 40P 16-12-1978
5) 50P 19-03-1979
6) 60P 16-12-1978
7) 75P 16-12-1978
8) 90P 16-12-1978
The Twelfth Regular Series depicting Ibrahim Khan Makli’s Tomb at Thatta (Sindh Province) was released between 17-11-1979to01-01-1982 and consisted of 6 stamps, the values & issue dates are as follows.
1) Re 1, 02-02-1980
2) Rs 1.50, 17-11-1979
3) Rs 2, 17-11-1979
4) Rs 3, 04-06-1980
5) Ps 4, 01-01-1982
6) Rs 5, 01-01-1982
Meanwhile provisional stamps were also issued in geometric and leaf pattern design (printed by M/s Secure Singapore) between 15th January, 1980 to 10th March, 1980 to over come the prevailing shortage of regular postage stamps. These consisted of a set of seven stamps. Their issue dates are as follows.
15-01-1980
10 -Paisa
15-Paisa
40-Paisa
10-03-1980
25-Paisa
35-Paisa
50-Paisa
80-Paisa
This was the second time that provisional stamps were issued by the Pakistan Post Office. The first provisional, were King George VI Indian stamps overprinted ‘Pakistan’ which were released on 1st October 1947 and remained in use till 31st October 1949.
The Thirteenth Regular Series consisting of a set of eight stamps depicting the ‘Forts of Pakistan’ was issued between 16-06-1984 to 01-12-1986. Detail of the issue is given below.
1) 5P Kot Diji Fort 01-11-1984
2) l0P Rohtas Fort 25-09-1984
3) 15P Balahisar Fort 01 -12-1986
4) 20P Attack Fort 16-06-1984
5) 50P Hyderabad Fort 10~04-1986
6) 60P Lahore Fort 16-06-1984
7) 70P Sibi Fort 03-08-1986
8) 80P Rani Kot Fort 01-07-1986
The present set of six stamps ie Re 1, Rs 1.50, Rs 2, Rs 3, Rs 4 and Rs 5 released on the eve of ‘INDEPENDENCE DAY’ (14th August, 1989) depict a portrait of Quaid-i-Azam Mohammed All Jinnah. This is the Fourteenth Regular Series released so far by Pakistan Post Office.
It is worthy to note that all postage stamps in regular series except stamps depicting ‘Tractor’, the ‘Forts’ of Pakistan as well as the ‘provisional’ stamps that were issued in 1980 have been printed in the ‘Recess’ process which is also known as ‘Die printing’, ‘Intaglio’ and ‘Taille Douce’.

Foundation Stone Laying Of The First Integrated Container Terminal Port Qasim. (1989-8)

The foundation stone laying for the first modern integrated container terminal at Port Qasim by the Prime Minister, Mohtarma Benazir Bhutto, on the 5th August, 1989, is indicative of a landmark in the maritime history of Pakistan.
On its operation, within 14 months, the imports and exports of Pakistan will have, for the first time, the benefit of the entire range of savings and advantages which have become associated with container revolution the world over.
The contract was signed between PQA (Port Qasim Authority) and M/s PACTS (Pak Arab Container Terminal Services) in May 1989.
For the seaports, container terminals are not only the source of glory and glamour but also these are an inescapable requirement for today’s sea-borne commerce, where competitiveness in time and cost of transportation of cargo from points of origin to points of destination is the real crux of the matter.
The container terminal represents a breakthrough in the advanced maritime technology which will facilitate the emergence of a number of down-stream industrial and commercial activities, thus creating a substantial number of new job opportunities.
These activities relate to repair and maintenance, insurance, transportation, supply and manufacturing of containers itself.
This is a two berth container terminal through conversion of its existing three multi-purpose berths which have 11 meters permissible draft and vast flush and strengthened areas behind the berths as required by international standards.
With the foundation laying for container terminal at Port Qasim the stage is set for the international shipping to send their mother vessels to Pakistan as well, thus knitting Pakistan into their world-wide net via direct services.
Contributed by Port Qasim Authority.
To commemorate the foundation stone laying of the first integrated container terminal, Port Qasim by the Prime Minister, Mohtarma Benazir Bhutto, Pakistan Post Office is issuing one postage stamp of Rs 6 denomination on the August 5, 1989.

10th Anniversary Of Asia Pacific Telecommunity. (1989-7)

The Asia Pacific Telecommunity was established as a regional telecommunication organization in conformity with Article 32 of the Inter-national Telecommunication Convention (Malaga -Torremolinos, 1973) .
COMPOSIT ION OF THE TELECOMMUNITY
APT is an inter-governmental organization. The respective governments being members or associate members of the United Nations or Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP) were convinced of the need to ensure balanced development of the Telecommunication services of the region.
Considering the need for co-operation in the detailed planning and management of the telecommunication services in the light of the rapid development of telecommunication in world and realizing the need for establishment of a consultative organization within the region for the settlement of telecommunication matters and recognizing the need for a permanent machinery to correlate planning and operational arrangements amongst national telecommunication organizations within the region, it was agreed to establish Asia Pacific Telecommunity.
The main objectives of the Telecommunity is
a) To correlate the planning and development of intra-regional and international telecommunication networks.
b) To promote the implementation of all agreed networks;
c) To assist the development within the region of the national com-ponents of an efficient international telecommunication network;
d) To foster coordination within the region of technical standards and routing plans for traffic;
e) To seek the adoption of efficient operating methods in regional telecommunication services.
In furtherance thereof, the Telecommunity may
a) Undertake, in coordination with the International Telecommunication Union, technical and other studies relating to development in telecommunication technology.
b) Encourage the exchange of information, technical experts and other specialized personnel amongst its members and associate members;
c) Study the feasibility of transfer of technology amongst its members and associate members;
d) Arrange short-term technical assistance to its members and associate members;
Membership in the Telecommunity is open to any State within the region which is a member of the United Nations or a member of ESCAP.
Associate membership in the Telecommunity is open to any associate member of ESCAP. Affiliate membership in the Telecommunity is open to any entity which operates, as a common carrier, national or international telecommunication services within the region and which is nominated for affiliate membership by a member or an associate member of the Tele-community.
The headquarters of Telecommunity have been placed at Bangkok (Thailand) .
The official language of the Telecommunity is English.
PRINCIPAL ORGANS OF TELECOMMUNITY
The principal organs of the Telecommunity are:
a) The General Assembly
The Management Committee
c) The Secretariat
FINANCES OF THE TELECOMMUNITY
The expenses of the Telecommunity include the cost of the General Assembly, Management Committee, conference or meetings convened by the Telecommunity; the Secretariat; technical assistance activities of the Telecommunity; other miscellaneous activities; and any specific activity as the General Assembly or Management Committee may approve. The expenses of the Telecommunity specified shall be met from the following two sources.
a) Regular contributions of the members, associate member and affiliate members from the following scale of unit classes; 60, 50, 40,30,25,20, 18, 16, 14, 12, 10,9,8,7,6,5,4,3,2,1,0,0.5.
b) Extra budgetary contributions either in cash or in some other form which may be voluntarily made by members, associate members, affiliate members and other sources.
DISSOLUTION OF THE TE LECOMMUNITY
The General Assembly of the Telecommunity may, by a two-thirds majority of the members present and voting, resolve that the Telecommunity be dissolved.
The Asia Pacific Telecommunity has played a very positive role in developing the Asian Telecommunication network. It has also trained a large number of engineering officers of this region and has also helped to disseminate telecommunication knowledge and expertise through meetings, seminars and conferences. It has done valuable work by organising study groups to solve the complex technical problems faced by the Telecommunity members.
The year of 1989 has been earmarked for celebrating the Decade of Development. 1st July has been designated as a national day for the celebration.
On this occasion the Telecommunity would try to increase its membership and consolidate its achievements. It also plans to publicize its role in the development of telecommunication in this region. It will also start a Journal of APT from this year and also issue a souvenir on the occasion. A Special Working Group has been constituted to prepare documents on APT’s achievements, its failures and impact in the region with particular reference to Telecommunication.
Contributed by APT.
To commemorate the 10th Anniversary of Asian Pacific Telecommunity, Pakistan Post Office is issuing one stamp of Rs 3 denomination on July 1,1989.

Archaeological Heritage Of Pakistan (Series) Explorations And Excavations In The Balochistan Province (7000 B.C TO 200 B.C) (1989-6)

The site of Mehrgarh situated in the north of the Karachi Plain at the foot of.the Bolan Pass is about 50 Km from Quetta. Its geographical position is essentially one of transition between the upland valleys the eastern Iranian plateau and the beginning of the plains of the Indus system.
The site was discovered by the French Archaeological Mission in 1974. The excavations in subsequent rears at the site have yielded a rich harvest of material dating from 7000 BC to 800 BC The study of the cemeteries unearthed in Mehrgarh indicates no signs of violence which further proves that the area of 3aluchistan was an abode of peace. A number of skeletons bedecked with jewelry made of sea-shells and .4. emi precious stones have been discovered. The people of Mehrgarh and its adjoining areas were civilized + within every sense of the world. They had social contacts with the peoples of the plains of Euphrates and Tigris.
The people of Mehrgarh were farmers and they harvested cotton, barley etc. as far back as 7000 BC 4 They lived in houses where their pursuits were creative. During the early period, the art of pottery making as not known to the people of Mehrgarh and they used stone and bone tools. However, during the period 4000 - 2000 BC the pottery developed into a full scale industry. The painted greyware produced at Mehrgarh were exported to eastern Iran and Afghanistan.
Besides, the beautiful pottery, their consummate skill in producing the male and female terracotta figurines was notable. The figurines were adorned with necklaces and complicated hair do, which may have some association with the religious system. The discovery of terracotta, stone, bone and ivory stamp seals attest to the development of an incipient administrative system.
NAUSHARO (Baluchistan), 3000 BC to 2000 BC
The site of Nausharo in Karachi district, Baluchistan is located some 6 Km south of Mehrgarh. The excavations at this site were undertaken in 1985 by the French Archaeological Mission in collaboration with the Department of Archaeology, Government of Pakistan.
The first occupation of Nausharo corresponds to the final period of Mehrgarh (3000 - 2500 B.C.) from where Faiz Mohammad grey ware, bracketed ware, Quetta ware and Wet ware were registered. The ceramic assemblage has similar characteristics to that found at Moenjodaro. The seals with unicorn and pictographs, figurines, pottery and architectural features discovered at Nausharo are typical of the Indus Civilization. It seems that the cultural links with Iran and Central Asia increased by the end of the occupation of Nausharo. It can be concluded that when the lndus Civilization in Sind and Punjab enters in its final stage, Baluchistan becomes an active component of a vast inter-cultural system extending aver eastern Iran and Central Asia.
NINDO DAMB (Baluchistan) (2300 BC)
The chalcolithic site of Nindo Damb lies on the right bank of river \"Kud\" in Ornach valley in Tehsil Wadh, District Kalat.
The excavations at this site were carried out by the French Archaeological Mission in collaboration with the Department of Archaeology, Government of Pakistan from 1962 to 1967. The excavations at Nindo Damb have yielded Kulli pottery alongwith terracotta figurines. Characteristic or this pottery is the animal pattern in landscape, painted around vases or without stands. Animals mostly bulls are represented with an elongated striped body and circular eyes. These are generally shown accompanied by birds, trees and foliage. Designs similar to those found on the Harappan pottery such as branches of pipal leaves and intersecting circles have also been found on red polished slip. As regards the terracotta figurines, they mostly represent a lady lavishly adorned with bangles and necklaces and they are shown in some cases holding a baby in their arms. Suchfigurines are marked by an elaborate head dress with plaited hair and sometimes a small cap. A few of these represent the typical Zhob sytle. Bull figurines are also numerous.
PIRAK (Baluchistan)
(2500 BC to 600 BC)
The archaeological site of Pirak was first discovered In 1957 by R.L. Raikes. It is situated in the plains of Baluchistan on the western side of the road from Quetta to .Jacobabad, about 12 miles south of Sibi. It is a low mound measuring about 300 x 200 meters. Its highest point is 8 metres from the level of the plain.
Although the site was discovered by the said Hydrologist but the systematic excavations were carried out by the French Archaeological Mission in collaboration with the Department of Archaeology, Govern-ment of Pakistan from 1968 to 1974. During the course of the excavations, interesting biochrome painted pottery, a kind titherto unknown in Pakistan has been found. It is hand made and the decoration consists of geometric patterns painted black or red brown with red filling on a buff background, It is interesting to note here that the designs painted on the Pirak pottery are similar to the motifs of Samarra ware of Moso-potamia. In addition to the pottery were, many small flint blades with carefully serated edges, human and animal figurines, bone implements, terracotta and semi precious stone beads have also been found. The importance of this archaeological site can be well judged from the fact that it is the first excava-ted site in Pakistan which provides a passage from the Bronze age to the Iron age. VASE
Terracotta
Mehrgarh, Baluchistan
Circa. 3600 B.C
Ht. 39 cm
A large vase with narrow bottom and open mouth with expanding sides, decorated in polychrome in five bands having geometrical designs on red slip surface.
JAR
Terracotta
Nausharo, Baluchistan
Circa. 2600 BC
Ht. 40cm
A beautiful large jar having globular body and out curved rim. It is decorated with geometric desigro depicting long horned goats and birds.
PITCHER
Terracotta
Pirak, Baluchistan
Circa. 2200 BC
Ht. 28cm
A hand made water pitcher with globular body, round base, straight neck, narrow mouth, mi projected rim, decorated in geometric designs in biochrome colours.
JAR
Terracotta
Nindo Damb, Baluchistan
Circa, 2300 BC
Ht. 33.5cm
An elongated painted jar having short rim, narrow mouth and flat base. It is decorated with \"pipal\" leave and plant motifs. There are two black bands on the body of the jar. (Contributed by Department of Archaeology, Exploration and Excavation Branch, Government of Pakistan)
To focus world attention on the need to protect and preserve the most invaluable archaeological heritage of Pakistan, the Pakistan Post Office is issuing a set of four special postage stamps of Re. 1/- value each on the June 28, 1989.

Bicentenary Of The French Revolution. (1989-5)

More than any other event of the last two centuries, the Revolution has been responsible for making France what it is today. That is what the Bicentennial is all about.
France\'s administrative system, her national emblem (the tricolor flag) her national holiday (July 14), her national anthem (the Marseilles) and even the lady with the red cap, (a descendant of the figure of Liberty) are all part of the French Revolution\'s familiar legacy.
Most of France\'s present legal and political tenets, too, date from the French Revolution; the notion of national sovereignty, individual liberty for those who comply with law and the concept fraternity.
Everyone takes these things for granted now, but they were hotly disputed at the time. The year 1789 opened an era of internal strife whose result has been a distinctive political style that also belongs to the legacy from those times.
The French revolutionaries felt that their ambition was a universal one. In their Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen of August 26, 1789, the members of the Constituent Assembly had all of humanity in mind. Subsequently the same optimism spread to members of the intellectual elite elsewhere in Europe who viewed the events taking place in France as an example rather than a threat.
The French Revolution of 1789 was a torch bearer. The revolutionary decade led to a progressive movement that brought along hope to the humanity in general for a better and civilized world. The 1776 Declaration of Independence had been the first to mention man\'s right to happiness; the French Revolution was the first political movement in Western History to include it among its programme.
No text was ever more widely read nor more effective for purposes of revolutionary propaganda abroad than the 1789 Declaration of the Rights of Man. It was brief and consisted of seventeen articles that amounted to a veritable \'modern gospel\' in the eyes of French patriots.
Both spontaneous propaganda (in the theatre and foreign press) and the orchestrated kind (via the army and subsidized newspapers) contributed heavily to the impact this universally valid text had in Europe and elsewhere.
In his study of the Declaration of Rights\' the historian Jacques Godechot pointed out that though the text often ran into opposition from authorities elsewhere, it enhanced France\'s stature all over the world.
Town like Strasbourg near the German border turned to printing and distributing these basic revolutionary texts; speakers in various assemblies pointed out that the Declaration of Rights was worth more than whole artillery battalions in the struggle against enemy forces, and foreigners who agreed with the tenets of 1789 promulgated them in their own countries-men like Thomas Paine with his Rights of Man and his conservative contemporary Edmund Burke in Reflections on the Revolution in France.
On August 26. 1792 the people\'s representatives in the Legislative Assembly sought to hall Paine as an \'apostle for the Rights of Man\'.
The Rights of Man are at the very core of the festivities held in commemoration of the French Revolution\'s Bicentennial. The Arche de La Defense monument in Paris will stand as the symbol of the 1989 commemoration. Just as the Eiffel Tower still bears witness to the ceremonies held for the 1889 Centennial and Exposition Universelle, this arch will celebrate the rights of man and may, in years to come, serve as a reminder of the principles of 1789.
From the many projects for temples of Liberty, palaces of Equality and other monuments in honour of civic virtues that were the work of revolutionary architects, to the sober elegance of the Arche de La Defense, runs a thread that testifies to unmistakable kinship of the French people with the spirit of 1789.
Based on an article written by Monseeur Maurice Agulhon Professeur au College de France, Paris.
To commemorate the Bicentenary of the French Revolution Pakistan Post Office is issuing one stamp of Rs 7 denomination on June 24, 1989.