Fight Against Cancer (December 26, 1967)

The crab, which is an international sign for Cancer is shown to have been pierced by a sword. The snake round the sword signifies the medical aspect. The electrons in orbit signify atomic radiation—one of the main methods of treatment of cancer. The caption “FIGHT AGAINST CANCER” appears in red at the top of the stamp while the word ‘Pakistan’ in Bengali and Urdu appears in black at the bottom. The denomination figure ‘15’ appears in red just above the word ‘Pakistan’ in Bengali with the word ‘Paisa’ in black underneath. The word ‘Postage’ appears vertically on the left of the stamp in black. The word ‘Pakistan’ in English appears vertically in black at the right side of the stamp.
The commemorative postage stamp will be available for sale on and from the 26th December, 1967 for a period of three months at all important Post Offices, Philatelic Bureaux and Counters and also at some of the Pakistan Diplomatic Missions abroad. Thereafter, if the supplies are still available, they will be sold only at the Philatelic Bureaux and Counters.
Pakistan Post Office is issuing a Postage Stamp of 15 Paisa denomination on December 26, 1967 to focus the attention of the public on the “Fight Against Cancer”.
Today Cancer is a global medical problem. In majority of countries, where causes of death are recorded, cancer ranks second in frequency being exceeded by heart disease. More than two million people die of cancer each year all over the world. Over five million people suffer with cancer at a time. In the absence of accurate statistics, according to a rough estimate, sixty to eighty thousand people suffer with cancer each year in Pakistan. Incidence varies from country to country, but no race, creed or civilisation is immune to this disease. Incidence of cancer in Pakistan though not as high as in some of the western countries but is certainly high enough to demand attention.
Millions of dollars are spent yearly by voluntary and Govern-mental Agencies in research for effective control, and treatment of this menace. In advance countries the efforts are directed towards cancer education along with research being carried out for treatment. In recent years, international collaboration for cancer control has gained momentum and the ‘Fight Against Cancer’ stamp is part of an international programme to promote public awareness of this disease. Many useful lives needlessly lost each year can be saved by public awareness, and proper treatment in time.
The age long belief that cancer is incurable is no longer true. CANCER IS CURABLE provided it is detected early and treated in time. Since the first cancer hospital opening in Rheims in 1740, the progress in this field is tremendous. Innum-erable centres engaged in the field of cancer treatment, education, and research are functioning world over. In Pakistan cancer centres have been opened up in all the major hospitals in both the wings. These centres are being developed, and it is hoped similar centres will be opened up in areas, where the need arises. At the moment, the major centres in East Pakistan are located at Dacca, Chittagong and Rajshahi. In West Pakistan, the cen-tres are located at Lahore, Multan, Hyderabad and Karachi. These centres have been equipped with most modern equipment. The Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission has also set up Medical Radio Isotope Centres, where facilities for early detection and treatment of cancer are available.

Indus Basin Project (November 23, 1967)

The design shows the spill-way with water gushing through the sluice gates. In the background is the vast lake merging into the horizon. The insignia of WAPDA and the words “INDUS BASIN PROJECT” appear at the head of the stamp printed in black. The denomina-tion “ 15 Paisa” and the words “MANGLA DAM” appear at the foot of the stamp immediately above the word “PAKISTAN” printed in English, Urdu and Bengali.
The Commemorative Postage Stamp will be available for sale on and from the 23rd November, 1967 for a period of three months at all important Post Offices, Philatelic Bureaux and counters and also at some of the Pakistan Diplomatic Missions abroad. Thereafter, if supplies are still available, they will be sold only at the Philatelic Bureaux and counters.
Pakistan Post Office is issuing a postage stamp of 15 Paisa denomination on November 23, 1967 to commemorate the inauguration of Mangla Dam which forms a major part of the Indus Basin Project. The Indus Basin Project is an integrated system of water control works, known as the Replacement Works, based on the Indus Waters Treaty 1960, between Pakistan and India, which resolved the Indus Water Dispute.
Nine years of negotiations between India and Pakistan preceded the signing of the Indus Waters Treaty, through the good offices of the World Bank for the completion of the Replace-ment Works. The signatories to the Indus Basin Development Fund Agreement were the Governments of Australia, Canada, Germany, India, New Zealand, Pakistan, U.K., U.S.A., and the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (World Bank). The Treaty entitled India to the exclusive use of the three eastern rivers viz. Ravi, Sutlej and Bieas and Pakistan, to the three western rivers viz. Indus, Jhelum and Chanab—except for some specified uses of the waters in the state of Occupied Jammu and Kashmir. The Treaty gave Pakistan a period of ten years to develop a system of works known as the Replacement Works, for the transference of waters, from the western to the eastern rivers.
The Indus Basin Project, is likely to cost Rs. 1,041 crores and would consist of two storage reservoirs, Mangla on river Jhelum, and Tarbela on river Indus, with a total gross capacity of 17 million acre feet; a hydro-electric plant at Mangla with an initial installation of 400,000 kilowatts and ultimate potential of one million kilowatts; six barrages, including one gated siphon, having a total length of 17,600 feet (over three miles) and with a total discharge capability in excess of 5 million Cusecs; and four link canal systems, comprising eight canals, totaling 700 miles in length and having a combined transfer capacity of 63,700 cubic feet per second. The link canals would be Trimmu-Sidhnai, Sidhnai-Mailsi, Mailsi-Bahawal, Rasul-Qadirabad, Qadirabad -Balloki, Balloki-Sulemanki, Chashma-Jhelum and Taunsa--Panjnad. The barrages would be at Sidhnai on the Ravi; at Qadirabad on the Chanab; at Rasul on the Jhelum; at Marala on the Chanab; at Chashma on the Indus and one gated siphon at Mailsi on the Sutlej.
The remodeling of some existing works had also to be undertaken within the framework of the Project to fully integrate the new system of works with the extensive irrigation network already in service. These works include improvements in the Balloki-Sulemanki Link I, Marala-Ravi Link, Bombanwala -Ravi-Bedian-Dipalpur Link, the headworks at Balloki and Trimmu and the canal system of Dipalpur, Fordwah, Pakpattan, Mailsi, Bahawal and Sidhnai.
As regards the overall progress on the Indus Basin Project as a whole, Mangla Dam which is the major component has been completed. Out of the eight link canals, the Trimmu-Sidhnai, Sidhnai-Mailsi, Mailsi-Bahawal, and Qadirabad-Balloki have been completed and are in operation. The Rasul-Qadirabad, Balloki-Sulemanki II and the Taunsa-Panjnad are in various stages of completion whereas work on the Chashma-Jhelum link has been started and it will be completed simultaneously with the Chashma Barrage
. Work has also started on the Tarbela Dam Project in right earnest. Tenders for its construction are due to be opened on 30th November, 1967. Tarbela Dam will have storage capacity of 11.1 million acre feet and initial installed capacity of 7 lakh kilowatts which will ultimately be raised to 21 lakh kilowatts. It is scheduled for completion by 1976.
Sidhnai Barrage, the Mailsi Syphon and the Qadirabad Barrage have been completed and are in operation; the Rasul and Marala Barrages will be in operation by early next year and work on the Chashma Barrage, the last of the barrages. has been started and it is scheduled for completion by the 31st March, 1971.
Mangla Dam
One of the largest dam in the world, Mangla Dam is a rolled earthfill embankment with a length of approximately 11,000 feet and a height of 380 feet above the river bed. The gross storage capacity of the dam has been estimated at 5.55 million acre feet and the live capacity 4.75 million acre feet. The design, however, provides for the raising of the dam by 40 feet in the future. This will increase the storage capacity to 9.4 million acre feet which will bring new lands under cultivation and recla-mation. Owing to sedimentation, it is estimated that the life of the Mangla Dam reservoir will be limited to about 125 years, but this will be increased to about 250 years after raising the dam by 40 feet and through the watershed management measures being adopted in the catchment area of river Jhelum to check the heavy incidence of siltation in order to prolong the life of the Mangla reservoir.
Estimated to cost Rs. 2,660 million (Rs. 3,160 million inclu-ding Resettlement), the major constituents of the Mangla Dam are: Main Dam which is 11,000 feet long and 380 feet high at stage I and 420 feet at stage II; Jan Dam which is 5,700 feet long and 234 feet high; Sukian Dyke 17,000 feet in length and 80 feet in height; Main Spillway with a capacity of 900,000 cusses; Emergency Spillway; Intake Area; Bong Canal 15,000 feet long 100 feet wide and 37 feet deep with a capacity of 40,000 cosecs; Power House with a capacity of 400,000 kilowatts at Stage I and 800,000 kilowatts at Stage II; Resettlement Operations; New Mirpur Town; and Watershed Management Operations,
Power Station.
Mangla Dam has five diversion tunnels, each of 30 feet diameter, which can be used as intake tunnels to the power station and the irrigation valves. At present four power Units capable of generating 100 MW each are being installed on two tunnels. Use of the remaining tunnels for power generation will be made as and when required. There will be 10 units in the ultimate installation with a total capacity of one million kilowatts. At present 200,000 kilowatts of energy is being produced by the two units. On completion the Mangla hydro-electric power station will go a long way in meeting the growing demand of electric energy in West Pakistan which is estimated to shoot up to 1.7 million kilowatts by 1975.
With a 40-mile long lake of the reservoir extending over an area of 100 square miles and its gross storage capacity being 5.88 million acre feet (later on to be increased to 9.4 million acre feet) Mangla Dam, which is mainly a Replacement work, will, in the first instance serve the irrigational needs of about 30 lakh acres of land, as envisaged in the Indus Basin Plan.
Resettlement Operations
The 40-mile long reservoir created by Mangla Dam has sub-merged old Mirpur Town, 200 villages and 65,100 acres of land lying in Azad Kashmir and West Pakistan territories. About 20,000 families comprising about 100,000 souls were evacuated. About 3,699 families were allotted lands in the old colony districts of the former Punjab, 199 families in Taunsa Barrage area, 33 in Thai and about 900 families in the Gudu Barrage by the end of June 1967. Cash compensation was paid for built-up property and every type of other immovable property including trees. The total estimated cost of the Resettlement Operations works out to about Rs. 500 million.
New Mirpur Town
Situated about four miles south of the Old Mirpur Town, on the eastern slopes of the Bala Gala ridge, New Mirpur Town, built in place of the Old Mirpur Town, which has been submerged under the waters of the Jhelum, is a beautiful modern city on the periphery of the Mangla lake.
It has accommodation for a population of over 20,000 people and is equipped with all modern civic amenities. It has 101 bungalows, 581 quarters, 4 middle schools, one K.G. school, one higher secondary school, one degree college, district courts, Government offices and police buildings, officers’ club, C.M.H. Jamia mosque, municipal offices, animal husbandry, military stores, tonga stand, slaughter house, mohallah and town mosques, Imam Baras and jail buildings etc.
Great Landmark
The Indus Basin Project though, in the first instance, a Replacement work is a great land-mark in the annals of develop-ment. Besides assuring water supply to areas which were previously served by the waters of the eastern rivers, the Sutlej, the Ravi and the Bieas which will be cut off by India after 1970, this Project will increase the irrigation and power potential and thus help the agricultural and industrial development of this country. Besides providing various other benefits in the form of improved means of communications, greater employment opportunities for various categories of workers, skilled and un-skilled, it has enabled thousands of Pakistanis to learn new skills and trades and their outlook has been enlarged. As such this Project and its completion has given us greater confidence to face greater challenges in the years to come.
The successful handling of this task of colossal diversions bears testimony to the great engineering and organizational skill of those responsible for its completion and the spirit of co-operation and goodwill that prevailed amongst the workers of different nationalities who worked together for the realisation of the common goal of peace and progress.

Cooperative Day (November 4,1967)

The circular central portion of the stamp depicts the “Co-operative Day” emblem showing the slogan “EACH FOR ALL — ALL FOR EACH” in red around the wreath of U.N. emblem printed in blue. The crescent and star of emblem appear in white against a grey ground and are encircled by a formation of hands representing co-operation among all nations.
A spectrum of colours is printed as background representing all nations of the world in an abstract form. The colour bands are printed in their natural order viz., Red, Orange, Yellow, Green, Blue, Indigo and Violet.
The caption “Co-operative Day” is printed in black on the top band of colour. Denomination “15 Paisa” appears at the top left, the date of issue “4th November, 1967” and the word “Postage” appears at top right hand of the stamp. In the bottom panel the word “Pakistan” in English, Urdu and Bengali Is printed in reverse against black ground.
The Commemorative Postage Stamp will be available for sale on and from the 4th November, 1967 for a period of three months at all important Post Offices, Philatelic Bureaux and Counters and also at some of the Pakistan Diplomatic Missions abroad. Thereafter if supplies are still available, they will he sold only at the Philatelic Bureaux and Counters.
Pakistan Post Office is issuing a Commemorative Postage Stamp of 15 Paisa denomination on November 4, 1967, to observe the International Co-operative Day and to highlight the co-operative movement in Pakistan. The Co-operative Movement emerged with the dawn of the 20th Century, fundamentally as an easy-credit-providing agency for the tiller of the soil, who, hithertofore, used to be born in debt, live in debt and die in debt, and aimed at creating credit-worthiness in him. In Pakistan, however, it has since developed into a live body intrinsically capable of bettering the economic lot of the common man. The movement stands chan-nellised into multifarious spheres of activity and has become a lighthouse for a new way of life for the masses.
The Co-operative Movement in this country started as an activity of the poor and its main object was to bring relief to those who were individually too weak and too isolated to stand on their own feet. In the beginning, emphasis was laid only on affording agricultural credit. After Independence, some more thought was given to it. In 1957, the State Bank of Pakistan revitalised the co-operative agricultural credit by giving finan-cial assistance for the first time. It was, however, from 1958 that sincere attempts were made to tackle the problem in a comprehensive manner. Important committees were set up to study the various problems involved. Then came the important policy declaration of the Government in February 1962, which is as follows:—
“The present Government is convinced that the Co-ope-rative Movement which represents a system of economic democracy has great potential as an instrument of national advancement and has, therefore, decided to give its full support and assistance to the organization and develop-ment of co-operative societies in all fields of economic activity.”
The foundation of the Movement has now been well laid and the activities have been diversified with necessary Govern-ment help and these now cover important sectors of rural econo-my concerning the common man.
When the partition of the Indo-Pak Sub-Continent and the division of the Punjab Province paralyzed banking and trade and disrupted the commercial life of West Pakistan, creating many economic problems of nation-wide magnitude, the co-operative movement stepped forward to cover the hitherto unknown ground and spread itself into new fields of operation to fill the vacuum. The central co-operative banks took up the financing of trade and industry and even of directly running industrial undertakings such as rice husking mills, hour mills and cotton ginning fac-tories. Co-operative consumer stores, mill societies, multi-purpose societies, farming societies, tube-well societies, and trans-port societies, etc., were organized in large numbers.
In West Pakistan, at present, there is a network of 29,071 co-operative societies. They have membership of 16,98,330 and a paid-up share capital of Rs. 11,98,51,000. The working capital is Rs.. 1,18,83,93,000. These figures compare favourably with those of 1947 and show that the Co-operative Movement has made real and tangible progress.
The West Pakistan Co-operative Union is a federal Co-operative Organization of West Pakistan. All co-operative institutions in West Pakistan are members of this Union and all co-operatives in the province are thus affiliated with it. The purpose of this Union is to promote the growth of co-operation and of co-operative business. It renders services to its member organizations and the common man in many ways: adopts publicity, propaganda and education measures; collects statistics; issues news about co-operative activities; helps train departmental staff and office bearers; holds conferences; supplies account registers and bylaws; furnishes books and lite-rature and publishes journals on co-operation. The Union is consulted by the Government and other agencies in all matters relating to the development of the co-operative movement. It is a member of the I.C.A. and presents Movement’s point of view at national and international level.
In East Pakistan, at the time of Independence, the Co-opera-tive Movement consisted of 32,000 societies in a moribund condi-tion, of which 27,000 were primary village agricultural credit societies with unlimited liability. To meet the situation an apex bank namely—the East Pakistan Provincial Co-operative Bank Ltd., was established in the year 1948. The moribund co-operatives became active, and their membership, share capital and reserves increased. The co-operatives in East Pakistan have, thus, become an effective agency for dispensation of agri-cultural credit.
To further strengthen the co-operative credit structure, a scheme for development of co-operative credit and marketing structure costing Rs. 439.59 lacs was executed during the 2nd Five-Year plan and this is being continued under the 3rd Plan also in an expanded form. Under this scheme, 675 union multipurpose societies, 54 central co-operative banks, 35 central co-operative multipurpose societies, the East Pakistan Provincial Co-operative Bank and the Apex Marketing Society are being developed. Besides 16 co-operative land mortgage banks in 16 districts of East Pakistan (other than Chittagong Hill Tracts), 80 sugarcane growers’ societies, 450 fishermen’s co-operatives, 200 milk producers’ co-operatives in certain areas of Pabna Dis-trict having abundant milk supply, 47 farming societies, 227 urban co-operative banks and societies etc., are functioning in that province.
The progress undertaken by the co-operatives in all the sectors is stupendous. Implementation of the programmes of edu-cation, training, extension and improvement of general super-vision simultaneously with the programme of development will certainly go a long way in raising the work standard and efficiency of all types of co-operatives, by supplying them their require-ment of trained manpower including managerial skill as well as enlightened and loyal members, who should be fully aware of their rights and responsibilities.

Coronation of Shah of Iran (October 26, 1967)

The profile portraits of Their Imperial Majesties the Shahinshah and the Empress of Iran appear at the right of stamp. To the left of the portraits appears the Persian text surmounted by the Imperial Crown. The portraits, Imperial Crown and Persian text are printed by Intaglio process in purple. Gulistan Palace appears in orange as background. The word “Pakistan” in Bengali, Urdu and English appears in reverse in the blue panel at the bottom. Above the panel the word “Postage” and the date of Coronation “26th October, 1967” printed vertically’ in blue, appear at the left and right sides respectively of the stamp. The denomi-nation “50 Paisa” appears in top left corner printed in Blue.

The commemorative Postage Stamp will be available for sale on and from October 26, 1967 for a period of three months at all important Post Offices, Philatelic Bureaux and Counters and also at some of the Pakistan Diplomatic Missions abroad. Thereafter if supplies are still available, they will be sold only at the Philatelic Bureaux and Counters.

Coronation in Iran
To commemorate and perpetuate the memorable event of the coronation of His Imperial Majesty Mohammad Raza Pahlavi, Aryamehr. Shahinshah of Iran and Her Imperial Majesty Empress Farah Pahlavi being held on the 26th October, 1967, the Pakistan Post Office is issuing a stamp on that date. The ceremonies would be held at the Gulistan Palace, Tehran and an official proclamation declaring his Imperial Highness Crown Prince Raza as heir to the Iranian throne would also be made the same day. In Pakistan, we are fully conscious of the significance of this coronation and we all fully share the rejoicing of our Iranian brethren, on this auspicious occasion.

The commemorative postage stamp would bear the por-traits of Their Imperial Majesties with the Gulistan Palace in the background and would be superscribed with the following inscription in Persian. Its translation is also given below.

His Majesty was born in Tehran on October 26, 1919 and officially proclaimed Crown Prince on the coronation of his father the late Raza Shah the Great, founder of the Pahlavi Dynasty, on April 24, 1925. At the beginning of World War II Raza Shah the Great abdicated in favour of his son who on September 16, 1941, was sworn in as Mohammad Raza Shah Pahlavi the Shahinshah of Iran. Thus at the age of 22 he took over the reigns of the Govern-ment at a very critical period.
After the termination of war, the country was in a state of near anarchy. It took the young Shahinshah the first twelve years of his reign to set the house in order and to restore poli-tical and social stability. Since 1953 Iran has been making steady and consistent progress which has revolutionized the country’s social and economic structure under the leadership of His Imperial Majesty. Outstanding amongst his reforms is the White Revolution of the Shah and the People, which has liberated the peasants from the yoke of the feudal lords; has given the workers due share in the profits of factories; has elimi-nated deficiencies leading to election malpractices; has ensured equal rights for women; has paved the way for eradication of illiteracy; has helped to promote public health; and has led to prompt administration of justice. His Imperial Majesty took another great historic step to eradicate illiteracy from the world and donated a sum of $ 700,000 to the Special Fund created with the U.N.O. for this purpose.
His Imperial Majesty the Shahinshah Aryamehr is as much loved and honoured in Pakistan as in Iran. The sentiments of the Iranian people and the affection which the Shahinshah bears for the Pakistani nation are but too evident. We can never forget the sympathy of our Iranian brethren and the sup-port and moral and material assistance rendered by the Shahin-shah and the Iranian government at the critical juncture when India led a dastardly surprise attack on Pakistan in September, 1965. His Imperial Majesty’s several visits to this country which have brought him closer to our hearts, and the return visits of President Ayub Khan to Iran have further cemented the ties of friendship between the two Heads of States, between the two governments and between the two peoples who have common heritage, common ideas and common traditions which dictate the necessity of having common purpose and co-operation, as envisaged in the RCD, so that we may both benefit by a lasting peace.
The history of coronation in Iran dates back to the reign of the Great Achaemenian monarch Cyrus the Great founder of the Achaemenian Dynasty and also the Iranian monarchy, 2,5o0 years ago. He was the first Iranian King to be crowned and since then the tradition has continued allowing amend-ments suited to the taste and status of the ruler.
During the first 100 years of the Persian Empire, the corona-tion ceremonies were held outside a temple in the presence of emissaries from all parts of the Empire. The King who was consecrated by the high priest, put on the robe of Cyrus before the assembled people and promised to uphold the principles of faith, carry on his duties as a king honestly and faithfully and draw his strength from the unpretentious and simple people.
Some of the kings of Iran never had a coronation while others celebrated the, occasion with great pomp and show merely as an ostentatious expression of the greatness of the ruler. The crown was originally a diadem, a richly wrought band of silk sometimes in the form of a cap. Jewels were later added to it and the silk was replaced by gold. The Royal Crown became more elaborate in course of time. The Pahlavi Crown which bears the Darya-i-Noor diamond which is second only to the world famous Koh-i-Noor, was designed and executed on the pattern of the Sassanid Crown, under the orders of Raza Shah the Great, founder of the Pahlavi Dynasty.
Since the end of the 18th century, the coronation of Iranian Monarchs have been held in Tehran. Over this period, a glitter-ing array of coronation jewelry was gathered by the late Qajar Dynasty. Much of the present Crown Jewels is the heritage of the distant past, but a large part derives from the extraordinary love of gems of the Qajars, notably Fath Ali Shah, who fashioned some of the unique objects in the collection.
The Peacock Throne is one such object. It is set with Ira-nian stones, modeled on the original throne of the Great Mughals of India. The total number of gems set in the throne numbers 26,773. It was also used in the coronation of Raza Shah the Great in April, 1926. The Pahlavi Crown is inspired by the crown of one of the greatest of the Iranian monarchs, Shahpur the Great. It contains some 3,380 diamonds, five huge emeralds, two sapphires and some 368 pearls.
The royal gold girdle used in the coronation has a huge 175 carat emerald for a buckle. The “all-conquering sword” of Nadir Shah which has become a traditional part of the corona-tion regalia is entirely covered with diamonds. The royal scepter fashioned in jeweled gold is topped with a globe of the world bearing a crown. The coronation robe of the Pahlavi Dynasty is of the fine white silk elegantly embroidered with pearls.
The Government and people of Pakistan, convey their deepest and sincerest felicitations to the Government and the people of Iran and to Their Imperial Majesties on this auspicious occasion and pray that they may continue to guide the destiny of their people to the zenith of glory and remain the instrument of cementing brotherly relations between the Muslims of the whole world generally and between Pakistan and Iran particularly.

Universal Children Day (October 2, 1967)

The design depicts typical East Pakistan handic-raft toys of clay, which are very popular among Pakistani children. Against a Yellow background a doll is shown representing a girl reaching for a pitcher, to the right of the doll a boy is shown riding a horse. The colour of the doll is Brown with details in Black and Red, and that of the pitcher and horse Red with Black bands. The boy is printed in Grey with details in Black and Brown. The denomination “15 Paisa” appears in Red in the top left corner with the word “Postage” in Black beside it. The word “Pakistan” in Bengali, Urdu and English appears verti-cally in Brown, on the right hand side. The caption “Universal Children Day Oct. 1967” appears in Black at the bottom. The commemorative postage stamp will be available for sale on and from the 2nd October, 1967 for a period of three months at all important Post Offices, Philatelic Bureaux and Counters and also at some of the Pakistan Diplomatic Missions abroad. Thereafter if supplies are still available, they will be sold only at the Philatelic Bureaux and Counters.
To commemorate the UNIVERSAL CHIL-DREN’S DAY 1967, the Pakistan Post Office is issuing one postage stamp of 15 Paisa denomination on 2nd October 1967. Every year, commu-nities around the world observe Universal Children’s Day by parades, games, speeches, and festive activities, especially in schools. The date recommended by the General Assembly for the celebration of Universal Children’s Day is the first Monday in October (October 2 this year). The theme chosen for this year is “Challenge: Good Nutrition for All Children”.
The gap that separates the rich and poor countries in today’s world is nowhere more dramatically apparent than in the matter of nutrition, especially child nutrition. Children everywhere need the same complement of proteins vitamins and energy foods if they are to grow up to be healthy, vigorous citizens; but while a mino-rity of the world’s children have access to these foods in abun-dance, the great majority do not. Jn the developed countries today, hunger is almost unknown among children. Scurvy rickets and other nutritional deficiency diseases, once common in these countries, have been virtually wiped out.
In contrast, about three-quarters of the world’s children are growing up in countries where most people consider them-selves fortunate to get enough food of any kind to allay the persistent pangs of hunger. No one really knows how many of these children are seriously malnourished. It is certain that millions do not get enough to eat merely in terms of calories. Many more millions suffer from vitamin and mineral defici-encies. The most common deficiency of all in the diet of young children is lack of sufficient high quality protein. How grave a matter this is becomes evident if we recall that protein is the very “stuff of life” out of which all our bodily tissues are fashioned.
The challenge of providing good nutrition for all the world’s children will not be an easy one to meet. It will require the revitalization of agriculture in most of the developing countries as well as a vast educational programme at the family and com-munity level. It will also require a much higher level of assis-tance from the “Well-fed” industrialized countries than is now forthcoming.
But the challenge is not one we can afford to neglect if we hope to see the human race make any real progress towards bridging the gulf between the rich and poor countries. Mal-nourished children do not grow up to become the kind of vigor-ous, healthy citizens on whom progress depends. Malnutrition strikes at the very roots of development by sapping the health and vitality of the rising generation. The nutrition campaigns now being conducted in the developing countries with the aid of various United Nations, government-to-government, and voluntary assistance agencies deserve the whole-hearted support of everyone concerned with the future of the human race.
Three of the U.N. Agencies in particular have directed their efforts toward food and nutrition problems for many years; UNICEF, FAO and WHO. Increasingly, UNICEF FAO and WHO began to work together to devise programmes to get at the roots of the problems, programmes which offered hope for more permanent long-range solutions. FAO and WHO provide technical advice and experts to assist in design-ing and conducting programmes when requested by the coun-tries concerned. UNICEF supplies material assistance; garden tools, seeds, insecticides, fertilizers; incubators and other equip-ment for poultry and egg production; equipment for fish production in ponds or for harvesting and marketing fish from natural waters; equipment for school feeding operations, edu-cation-demonstrations; vehicles and other equipment which is not locally available but essential for the planned programme. Equally important, UNICEF supplies financial and other as-sistance for training of personnel. In terms of long-range im-pact, this could be the most important facet of the programme. The challenge of good nutrition for all the world’s children can only be met through intensified efforts in every country and by the international community as a whole. It is a challenge none of us can afford to shirk if we hope to see a brighter future for the human race. National and world development begins with the child, and the child’s development must begin with proper nutrition.
Universal Children’s Day in Pakistan is sponsored by the Pakistan Council for Child Welfare in co-operation with the Government, Regional Councils & national member agencies throughout Pakistan. Through the efforts of the Council the Day has become known all over Pakistan and is celebrated even in far flung areas of the country. The celebrations consist of a weeklong activities like seminars, symposia, children-fairs, art and crafts exhibitions, variety programmes, march-pasts, etc. The Day is inaugurated by the President of Pakistan through his personal message on the Radio followed by messages from the dignitaries of the country and abroad. On the occasion of the Universal Children’s Day held on 3rd October, 1966, the President of Pakistan Field Marshal Mohammad Ayub Khan, N.Pk., H.J., said:
“Pakistan like other members of the United Nations Orga-nisation, is once again celebrating the Universal Children’s Day throughout the country this year. This is one of those occasions which remind us of our deep responsibilities and sacred duties towards children, on whom the future destiny of a Nation depends.” President of Pakistan decorated the recipients of the Pre-sident’s Awards for Children for the period from the year 1960 to 1965. They belonged to various districts in East and West Pakistan, 10 from East and 12 from West Pakistan. The cere-mony took place on 3rd October 1966 at the President’s House, Rawalpindi. After the decoration ceremony the President entertained the children at tea and light refreshments. It was quite an impressive ceremony since the children could meet their President and talk to him frankly. On the same day, recipients of the Awards for the year 1966, were announced by the Government.
Branches of the Council and their affiliated child welfare agencies are running many services like recreation centres, re-habilitation of disabled and crippled and handicapped children, etc. all over Pakistan. Karachi Council for Child Welfare is still running a home for destitute girls known as “Nasheman” at Karachi. West Pakistan Council for Child Welfare has started a Babies home at Lahore. And East Pakistan Council for Child Welfare has shifted its rehabilitation Centre for the Crippled Chil-dren to its own building and the Centre is doing a wonderful job.
Pakistani children have been participating in Scouts and Girl Guides Jamboree in various parts of the World. Public opinion has been aroused throughout the country for the need of literature for children. Thousands of books for children are being written and published in the country.

Major Exports of Pakistan (September 25, 1967)

10 Paisa: The design is horizontal. Against a dark blue background a globe is shown behind a rice bag. The bag is in yellow with a caption “RICE WE EXPORT THE BEST” in stenciled lettering printed in Blue. At the left side of globe appears an ear of rice. The wordings “POSTAGE” and “PAISA 10” appear in reverse at the top of the stamp. The word “PAKISTAN” in English, Bengali and Urdu appears in reverse on the right hand side of stamp, in the bottom left and right corners respectively.
15 Paisa: The format of the stamp is rectangular. It is horizontally sub-divided into three rectangles of equal sizes with differing shades of orange. In the top rectangle is shown a cotton plant, a caption “RAW COTTON” is printed to the left of the plant. In the middle rectangle of darker orange two spindles of cotton yarn are shown, a caption “COTTON YARN” is printed at the right side in green. In the lower rectangle of darkest orange, Cotton fabrics are represented by two patterns of printed cloth, a caption “COTTON TEXTILE” is printed at left in green. The denomination “15 Paisa” appears in the top right corner of the stamps. “POSTAGE” printed vertically appears on the right in the bottom rectangle. “PAKISTAN” in Bengali, Urdu and English printed in green appears vertically in each rectangle reading from bottom to top.
50 Paisa: The format of the stamp is rectangular. It is horizontally sub-divided into three rectangles of equal sizes with differing shades of Green. In the top rectangle is shown two bundles of raw jute. In the middle rectangle of darker green a jute bale being lifted by a crane is shown. A caption “WE EXPORT THE BEST JUTE” is printed in brown in the centre. In the lower rectangle of darkest green manufactured jute bags are shown. The denomination “50 Paisa” appears in the top right corner of the stamp. “POSTAGE” printed vertically appears on the right in the bottom rectangle. “PAKISTAN” in Bengali, Urdu and English printed in brown appears vertically in each rectangle reading from bottom to top.
The commemorative postage stamps will be available for sale on and from the 26th September, 1967for a period of three months at all important Post Offices, Philatelic Bureaux and Philatelic Counters and also at some of the Pakistan Diplomatic Missions abroad. Thereafter if supplies are still available they will be sold only at the Philatelic Bureaux and Counters.
To highlight the major exports of Pakistan, comprising Jute and Jute Products, Cotton and Cotton Textiles, and Rice, the Pakistan Post Office is issuing a set of three stamps in the denominations of 50, 15 and 10 paisa on September 26, 1967.
Jute and Jute Products
Jute is the vital cash crop and the single biggest foreign exchange earner for Pakistan. Industrial development of Pakistan has been possible mainly due to the foreign exchange earned by jute. Apart from its lion’s share in foreign exchange earnings, its cultivation, marketing and manufacturing provide employment to lakhs of people in East Pakistan. It is estima-ted that more than 50 lakh families are directly concerned with its cultivation and thousands of people are employed in jute trade and industries. Jute occupies the top most position in the world for its use in the preparation of packing materials. Pakistan alone grows about 45 percent of the World Jute produce. Her jute production is further being increased by 20% to 25% (i.e. 80 lakh bales) during the Third Plan period. During the year 1966-67, Pakistan earned foreign exchange amounting to Rs. 90.91 crores by the export of 35.40 lakh bales of raw jute. At the time of independence, out of 108 jute mills in un-divided India, not even a single mill fell in Pakistan’s share. The Government of Pakistan were fully aware of this situa-tion and took the earliest possible steps to fill the void between Pakistan’s production of large quantity of raw jute and its lack of jute industry. Though the jute industry in this country was first established in 1950 and started production in 1951, export of jute manufactures could only be started from 1955. The industry has established a sustained and increasing de-mand for its products in almost all countries of the world where jute goods are consumed. The extent of its progress may be gauged from the fact that production has increased from 130,209 tons in 1955-56 to 403,711 tons in 1966-67. Ex-ports this year (1966-67) totaled 352,140 tons.
The industry is not only manufacturing the traditional packaging materials, hessian and sacking, but is also produc-ing specialised fabrics such as carpet backing cloth, woven carpets, cotton bagging, webbing, laminated bags etc.
Starting with 312 looms in operation in 1951, the jute industry is at present working with around 16,000 looms. The expansion of the industry is progressing at a satisfactory rate and it is hoped that by 1970, the Third Plan target of 28,000 flat looms and 2,000 broad looms would have been reached. Cotton and Cotton Textiles
Next to jute, cotton is the second largest foreign exchange earner in the group of primary commodities. it is grown in West Pakistan, though a small quantity of Comilla cotton is also produced in East Pakistan. The crop meets the country’s full requirements of cotton cloth and provides about 1 lakh tons of cottonseed oil and highly nutritious feed for animals in the form of seed as well as oil cakes.
Cotton has been grown in Pakistan since times immemo-rial. In fact, it is now fairly certain that cotton was spun for the first time in the history of mankind in the Indus Valley in West Pakistan. The art of spinning and weaving reached a high degree of excellence in olden times in East Pakistan, and the Dacca Muslims were, at one time, world famous. Thus, although Pakistan is a new State, its deep association with cotton is a heritage from very ancient times. Cotton in Pakistan is grown mainly in a well defined belt, running north and south in the former Punjab, Sind and Bahawalpur. Both desi (indigenous varieties of G. arboreum) and acclimatized American (G. hirsutum) are grown. As regards East Pakistan, the rough and short staple variety of cotton known as “Comi-lla” is grown on about 37,000 acres in that Province.
The production of cotton in Pakistan has increased from 20.76 lakh bales in 1962-63 to 25.73 lakh bales in 1966-67. In 1967-68, the production is likely to touch the level of 28.00 lakh bales. The Pakistan American cottons constitute the bulk of the Pakistan cotton crop. Their staple characteristics fall near the middle of world cotton, i.e. A” to li”. A dis-tinctive feature of these cottons is their relatively high tensile strength and maturity.
The value of exports of raw cotton from Pakistan during 1964-65 was 28.70 crores of Rupees; during 1965-66, 27.84 crores of Rupees and during 1966-67 (July-May) 25.58 crores of Rupees. This export is likely to increase with the increase in production during the third five year plan period. The major buyers of Pakistan’s raw cotton are Hongkong, Mainland China and Japan and in the West, the traditional buyers of Pakistan raw cotton are U.K., France, Italy, Netherlands etc. USSR and other Socialist countries are also buying cotton from Pakistan under barter agreements.
Of the major industries in the country, the cotton textiles industry is the single largest industry providing employment to a large number of persons. Made of superior cotton produced indigenously, the textile fabrics of Pakistan are distinguished for their lustrous colours, compact texture and rich combination of exquisitely done floral and geometrical designs.
Pakistan produces nearly 550 million lbs. of yarn and 750 million yards of cotton cloth of which 80 million lbs. of yarn and 200 million yards of cloth is annually exported to U.S.A., and U.K. (in spite of quota restrictions) and several countries in Far East and the Middle East. Due to heavy demand in the international market in addition to increasing domestic de-mand, the country is progressively expanding her textile pro-duction. By the close of the Third Five-Year Plan (1965-70), yarn production is likely to reach the colossal figure of 620 million lbs. and yardage of cloth to 1400 million. There are over 65 Textile Mills in the country at present.
Famous for her fine Dacca muslin and sarees, baftah fabrics, wax cloth, bundani (tie and dye), ajrack (block print) and Baluch mirror work, Pakistan has a very wide variety of artistically hand-spun and hand-woven fabrics in highly att-ractive patterns and designs. Visitors to Pakistan from every part of the world have been taking home Pakistan’s gaily patterned hand-woven fabrics as souvenirs for their friends and families. A substantial portion of these specialties of Pakistani artisans and craftsmen find their way to different parts of the world for a long wear and/or decorative purposes.
Rice
Gourmets all over the world know that, for the discri-minating, no long grain white rice is as good as ‘Basmati’. ‘Basmati’ is truly unique. This rice is grown on the fertile alluvial soil of the submontane districts of the Punjab in West Pakistan, watered by the cool streams of the Himalayas. The rich fertile soil, the fresh waters and the ideal balance of heat and moisture of the Valley of Five Rivers gives ‘Basmati’ its fine form, its special fragrance and its exquisite flavour and softness. These were the qualities which made ‘Basmati’ the favorite of the Empress Nurjehan, the queen of queens, the light of the eyes of the Moghul Emperor Jahangir.
Of the superior varieties of rice ‘Basmati’ constitutes more than 95%. This special quality of rice has become very popular in the foreign markets and fetches a very high price in foreign exchange. It has during the past few years become one of the very important foreign exchange earners in the country. This rice is produced mainly in four districts of West Pakistan namely Sheikhupura, Gujranwala, Gujrat and Sialkot. The ‘Basmati’ grain has a distinguished look. It is sword--like, faintly curved at the tips. The body of the grain is slender and has a polished look—this is of course due to its healthy white colour and translucent quality. ‘Basmati’ has a distinct fragrance about—both when raw and when cooked. On cooking, the grains elongate to about twice their original size and remain completely separate from each other. Cooked grains are characteristically curved and do not burst. Of the large number of Pakistani dishes, three acknowledged favorites are Pakistani ‘Biryani’ Pakistani ‘Zarda’ (Dessert) and Pakistani ‘Kheer’ (Dessert).
‘Basmati’ rice of West Pakistan has, of late, become an important foreign exchange earner for Pakistan. Starting from 25,000 tons valued at Rs. 1.02 crores in 1958-59, the ex-port of superior rice (of which Basmati constitutes the bulk) has gone upto 170,000 tons valued at about 17 crores of rupees in 1966-67. Demand from the foreign buyers is increasing and we can almost double the exports.

20th Anniversary of Independence (August 14, 1967)

The format of the stamp is rectangular. The figure ‘20’ is prominently displayed, the lower portion of the figure being printed in reverse in the green area and the top portion appearing in light green against a white background. A star appears in red towards the top centre of the stamp with rays radiating from, it The lettering ‘th’ Anniversary of Independence" appears in red, at the top of the stamp the letters ‘th " are connected with the figure 20. The denomination 15 Paisa appears in light green in the bottom right corner immediately above the words "Pakistan" in English. Urdu and Bengali which appear in light green at the bottom. Postage " is printed vertically at left side in light green.
The commemorative Postage Stamp will be available for sale on and from the 14th August, 1967 for a period of three months at all important Post Offices, Philatelic Bureaux and Counters and also at some of the Pakistan Diplomatic Missions abroad. There-after if supplies are still available, they will be sold only at the Philatelic Bureaux and Counters.

To commemorate the 20th Anniversary of independence, the Pakistan Post Office is issuing one postage stamp of 15 Paisa denomination on 14th August 1967.

Ever since the dawn of history, our sub-continent was a source of constant lure to the foreigners, both in the East and the West. She was regarded as one of the richest lands in the world, and it was her silks and spices, pearls and perfumes and ivories and ebonies which fired their imagination and drew them constantly towards shores. The Portuguese were the first people from Europe to find a sea-route to this sub-continent. They were followed by a more clever group of sailors from England who established a permanent factory at Surat in 1613, and later at Madras, Bombay and Calcutta under the aegis of the East India Company. The dawn of the 18th Century saw the beginning of the end of the Moghul might in the lndo-Pakistan sub-continent. The decline and disintegration of political power was rapid which gave rise to an era of anarchy and a chance to the East India Company to build up an Empire, governed from abroad.

After the battle of Plassey in 1751 in Bengal and the last stand of Tipu Sultan in 1799 in the south, the British acquired a strong foothold in India and their supremacy in the subcontinent was firmly established.

The last attempt made by the Muslims to recover their power was the un organised upheaval in 1857, miscalled the Sepoy Mutiny by foreign historians. This upheaval and its disastrous consequences led to the political and economic ruination of the Muslim nation. This was the situation facing Syed Ahmad Khan in 1858 and in the four decades that followed. In 1885 there came into existence a political association which styled itself "The Indian National Congress". Syed Ahmad Khan closely watched it for three years, and found that it was not liberal enough in its outlook. He was the first Muslim to realise and to state that Hindus and Muslims were really two separate nations. After the death of Syed Ahmad Khan, Nawab Mohsinul-Mulk and Nawab Viqar-ul-Mulk became the guiding stars in Muslim Politics. The entire energies of the Muslim Leaders were directed towards organising the Muslims on one political platform, and the first political and social association of the Muslims was formed at Aligarh in 1901. Then at Dacca on December 30, 1906, Nawab Salimullah convened a conference of representative Muslim Leaders all over India and at this conference, presided over by Viqar-ul-Mulk, a resolution to found the All India Muslim League was passed. This was to play a most vital role in shaping the polica1 destiny of the sub-continent. The Khilafat Movement, under the dynamic and inspiring leadership of Maulana Mohammad Ali became a movement of the Muslim masses which paved, in course of time, the way for the Muslim League to be a great popular organisation.

On October 1930, the Viceroy of the British Indian Empire announced the British Government’s decision to convene a Round Table Conference in London, in which the political leaders of the sub-continent were invited to participate. It was about this time that the annual session of the Muslim League was held in Allahabad with the great poet Dr. Mohammad Iqbal as its President, who, in his presidential address declared, "The Muslim demand for the creation of a Muslim India within India is. therefore, perfectly justified.. . .1 would like to see the Punjab, North-West Frontier Province, Sind and Baluchistan amalgamated into a single State. The formation of a consolidated North-West India Muslim State appears to me to be the final destiny of the Muslims, at least of North-West India.. .. This will eventually solve the problem of India as welt as of Asia". Later on, in one of his letters to the Quaid-i-Azam, Iqbal also included Bengal in this scheme. By this time Mr. Jinnah, who had temporarily settled down in London, was persuaded to return and take up the leadership of the Muslims. Mr. Jinnah chalked out a more constructive programme. From 1937 to 1947, as a mass organization of the Muslims, the League grew from strength to strength. Its programmes became revolutionary, and in 1937 the Muslim League took the momentous decision to change its aim from attaining responsible government to full independence. At last Iqbal’s concept was accepted, and in 1940 the Pakistan Resolution was passed at the historic session of the All India Muslim League at Lahore. Iqbal had died two years earlier; but his ideological lead was accepted by Mr. Mahomed Mi Jinnah, the Muslim League and the 100 million Muslims of the Indo-Pakistan subcontinent.

Henceforth the political ideal of the Muslims of India was the attainment of a separate homeland where they could live according to their distinct way of life. In the years that followed Jinnah negotiated with the Cripps Mission on behalf of the Muslims. The result was a failure but it was the first step by the British to agree to the demand for a separate state for the Muslims. The Congress was alarmed and after the failure of the Cripps Mission, they launched the violent ‘Quit India’ campaign against the British in 1942. All this was alien to Jinnah’s nature, and he kept the Muslims clear of all these disturbances. When the European War ended in May 1945. the British Government again started negotiations for constitutional changes in India. First came the Wavell Plan, then the more important Cabinet Mission Plan. Before the latter, an important event was the new elections held in India in January 1946.

The victory of the Muslim League at the polls was overwhelming. It was a measure of the Quaid’s glorious success in his mission of organizing the Indian Muslims. Well could he declare "No power on earth can prevent Pakistan now".

In March 1946, the Cabinet Mission came to India with new proposals, offering to arrange the provinces into three groups, to satisfy Muslim demands partially, for though they were offered internal autonomy, they were to he part of one state with defence, foreign affairs and communications as central subjects. The Quaid went along with the proposals some way but Mr. Jawaharlal Nehru’s intransigence wrecked the negotiations, for the Hindus did not appreciate the sacrifice the Muslims were making by scaling down their demands. When the Government decided to hold elections for a new Constituent Assembly, the League’s stand of being the sole representative of the Muslims was vindicated, for it won 76 out of 79 Muslim seats. In October 1946, the League joined in forming the Interim Government. But there was no real co-operation. The Quaid ordered that no Muslim was to take part in the Constituent Assembly due to sit from December 9, 1946. Feelings in the whole of the subcontinent were worked up and the Calcutta riots were like the fuse that started the great explosion. After one last effort to reconcile the Muslims and Hindus, Mr. Attlee, the British Premier, announced in February 1947, that they would grant independence to India. Viscount Mountbatten was sent out as Viceroy to negotiate the manner and handing over power. On June 2, 1947, he announced that India would be partitioned. Thus two new States Pakistan and India were created, Pakistan on August 14, 1947 and India on August 15, 1947. Quaid-i-Azam’s leadership and the struggle of the Muslim nation at last bore fruit—earlier than anyone expected.

Pakistan began her existence with an under-developed economy and has been, from the very first day of her existence, confronted with obstacles and problems of a great magnitude. Nevertheless, the country has made spectacular progress during the twenty years of its existence, which is reflected in almost every aspect of national life.

Economy: In 1948-49 the combined expenditure of the central and provincial governments was under Rs. 1,500 million; in 1966-67 it rose to Rs. 11,714 million. Most of it was development expenditure.

The GNP rose from Rs. 24,466 million in 1949-50 to Rs:45,189 million in 1966-67; the per capita income also rose from Rs. 311 to Rs. 381 during the same period; the share of agriculture in the GNP declined from 59.9 percent to 45.8 percent. The share of manufacturing industries during the same period increased from 5.8 to 11.7 percent. A five-fold increase was registered in the Construction sector and seven-fold in electricity, gas, water; and sanitary sector between 1949-50 and 1966-67.

Industrial Development: Considerable progress was made in the field of industrial development. Self-sufficiency has not been attained in a wide range of essential consumer goods, but sizable surplus in certain goods is available for export. The progress is evident from the following figures:

Industrial	Production	1954-55	1965-66
Sugar	(000 tons)	87	445
Hydrogenerated Vegetable cooking oil	(000 tons)	13	100
Cotton yarn (million lbs.)		232	501
Cotton cloth (million yards)		387	691
Jute manufactures (000 tons)		103	409
Tyres and tubes (000 Nos.)		1,800	4,610
Chemical fertilizers (various)		(000) tons	178.3
Cement (000 tons)		690	1,650
Cigarettes (million Nos.)		4,760	26,450
Paper(000 tons)		19.2	41.9
Newsprint (000 tons)..			33.8

Attention is now directed towards setting up heavy and sophisticated industries, such as mechanical and electrical complex, iron and steel, machine-tool, automotive vehicles and petrochemicals.

Social Development: In 1947, hardly six percent of the population were literate; literacy went upto 19.02 percent in 14 years’ time, in 1961, and is expected to have further risen by now. Nearly 9.6 million students attend different educational and training institutions in the country. There are now 66,000 primary and 8,000 secondary schools, 200 degree colleges, and 12 Universities, including two engineering and two agricultural Universities.

There are also 20 polytechnics and about 150 smaller technical institutes, five agricultural, six engineering and 12 medical colleges in the country. Government expenditure on education has increased from Rs. 460 million during the First Plan to Rs. 2,374 million during the Third Plan.

In the health sector, at the end of 1966-67, there were about 16,600 doctors, 4,500 nurses and 36,000 hospital beds. There are also some 200 rural health centres and 3,300 family planning clinics.

Noted progress has been achieved in social welfare, manpower and employment, transport and communication. Yearly 70,000 to 80,000 people are provided with jobs through 22 employment exchanges. Between 1947 and 1966, some 1.66 million dwelling units have been constructed. In community services 1,00,000 tube-wells were sunk for supplying drinking water.

Constitutional Development: Till October 1958 Pakistan followed the parliamentary system of western democracy. A completely new system of democracy, more suited to the genius of the people as well as political and economic conditions of the people—the Basic Democracy system—was introduced by President Ayub Khan, in 1959. Under this system 80,000 Basic Democrats are elected in equal half from both provinces on universal adult franchise basis, who in turn elect provincial and national assembly members as well as the President of the country for a five year period. The Union Councils are actively associated with development activities in their respective areas. They have become useful institutions and play a healthy role in the struggle for progress instead of merely indulging in petty politics.

Foreign Policy: Pakistan’s Foreign Policy, by virtue of her being placed in a crucial position in areas of great political significance in the contemporary world is determined basically by this fact of geography; and strictly adheres to the concepts of equality, and the right of self-determination for all peoples. Except with India which has been persistently refusing to settle the Kashmir dispute which has so long stood in the way of mutual understanding between the two countries, Pakistan maintains friendly and cordial relations with all countries, far and near; and irrespective of ideological differences, supports peoples’ right to freedom and the Afro-Asian cause.

Pakistan also maintains special relations with the fellow Muslim countries, strives for Muslim solidarity and has entered into agreements of social, cultural and economic collaboration in the "Regional Co-operation for Development" with Turkey and Iran, and in the "Indonesia-Pakistan Economic and Cultural Co-operation" with Indonesia. Pakistan is wedded to the ideal of world peace based on justice and the principles of U.N. Charter.

Hilal-e-Istaqlal Award (May 15, 1967)

The flag of Hilal-i-Isteqlal is shown against a graded background of Vermilion red. The Hilal-i-Isteqlal emblem appears in white portion of thc flag at top. Underneath the emblem the word “Hilal-i-Isteqlal” appears in Urdu and below it ‘September, 1965” in Urdu and Bengali. Below the Bengali lettering appear three Stars in Red, Navy Blue and Light Blue colours representing Army, Navy and Air Force respectively. Under the Light Blue Star is written “Lahore”. tinder the Navy Blue Star “Sialkot” and under Red Star “Sargodha”. “Pakistan” in Bengali, Urdu and English appears in reverse at the bottom under the flag and the denomination figure 15 Paisa” in left bottom corner iii reverse in English.
The Commemorative Postage Stamp will be available for sale on and from 15th May 1967, for a period of three months at all important Post Offices, Philatelic Bureaux and Philatelic Counters and also at some of the Pakistan Diplomatic Missions abroad. Thereafter, if the supplies are still available, they will be sold only at the Philatelic Bureaux and Philatelic Counters.
To celebrate the award of Hilal-i-Isteqlal to the city of Lahore, by the President of Pakistan, and to the cities of Sialkot and Sargodha by the Governor of West Pakistan for the unprecedented act of valour, courage and patriotism displayed by the citizens during the Indo-Pakistan War in September, 1965, the Pakistan Post Office is issuing a stamp of IS-Paisa denomina-tion on 15th May, 1967.
CITATION FOR LAHORE.
In the early hours of Monday, the 6th September, 1965, the enemy launched his treacherous attack without declaring war and advanced towards LAHORE from three directions. The enemy’s advance was stopped dead near the border on the very first day of the battle by our gallant Army, but he went on trying for a break-through until the end, which he could never achieve against the steel wall of our heroic forces. Throughout this period the enemy planes raided Lahore; and the outskirts of the city were subjected to shelling day and night. This bomb-ing and shelling of unarmed civil population brought death to many, including women and children. The enemy exercised intense savagery with complete lack of scruples. But the people of Lahore remained undaunted and unperturbed and faced the challenge with cool and un-waver-ing determination. People of all walks of life stuck to their jobs and went about their normal business without any signs of tension. They forgot all their incon-veniences and tried to help the country’s war effort to the best of their ability. Every day in their thousands they stood on the roads leading to the front. Every day hundreds of them headed towards the front line to join their gallant soldiers fighting the enemy and had to be restrained with great difficulty. The attitude of the people of Lahore during this period raised the already high morale of our troops to new heights and they answered their call by not only preventing the treacherous enemy from coming anywhere near their town but also by throwing him back and pursuing him into his own territory. Throughout this period the people of Lahore displayed their traditional cour-age and defeated the evil designs of the enemy to demoralize them. Their determination and devotion to the country will be re-called with pride by the generations to come. It will become an epic of our history that the enemy attacked “the heart of Pakistan”, for that is how Quaid-i-Azam described Lahore, but failed to hurt it; “the heart” throbbed on with health and vigor.
2. In view of their un-precedent fortitude and courage with which the people of Lahore faced the enemy’s challenge, I confer the flag of ‘Hilal-i-Isteqlal’ on the brave and enchanting city of Lahore.
CITATION FOR SIALKOT
The enemy launched his treacherous attack against Sialkot from two directions in the early hours of the morning of Wednesday, the 8th September 1965. From then on a fierce battle raged around the town for more than a fortnight, hut the people of Sialkot carried on the nor-mal life of the city resolutely and fearlessly throughout this period. They were subjected to cold-blooded and deliberate bombing and shelling but they remained un-perturbed. A num-ber of them lost their near and dear ones, men, women and children but they evinced a remarkable spirit of patience and fortitude. Their only concern was to ensure calm and stable conditions behind the soldiers fighting in the front line. Thus they not only kept the life going in the bombed and shelled town, but also raised the morale of the fighting forces who ultimately defeated the enemy designs against their town.
For the un-precedented act of valour, courage, and patriotism displayed by the citizens of Sialkot, the birth place of the Poet of Islam, Allama Iqbal, I have great pleasure in an-nouncing the award of Hilal-i-Isteqlal on their great city.
CITATION FOR SARGODHA
During the Indo-Pakistan war, the Air Base at Sargodha was the principal target for the Indian Air Force, particularly their night bombers. During these raids, the enemy could not succeed in their missions against the heavily defended air base hut nevertheless dropped their bombs over the adjoining areas. In this process, the city of Sargodha had to bear the brunt of the enemy’s indiscriminate and callous bombing attacks.
2.In spite of the loss of life and property and a haunting sense of in-security, the citizens of Sargodha remained calm and undaunted. Throughout, they reacted with a tremendous spirit of patriotism and of defi-ance, and they rose enthusiasti-cally to meet the challenge. There was deep sense of parti-cipation in the war effort and they readily responded with large bodies of men and mate-rial to meet the defence needs of the PAF base and the Army. Their heroic stand is worthy of acclaim and there-fore I have great pleasure in announcing the award of Hilal-i-Isteqlal to this heroic city of Sargodha.

Death Anniversary of Allama Dr. Mohammad Iqbal (April 21,1967)

The stamps show a portrait of Dr. Iqbal in the right hand square panel. ‘Pakistan Postage’ is printed in Sepia at the foot of the left-hand square panel. The word ‘Pakistan’ in Urdu and Bengali printed in Sepia appears below the panel at the left-hand side of the stamps. The name of the poet and his life span dates appear in the bottom right panel, printed in reverse lettering from red in the 15 Paisa stamp and from green in the Re. I stamp. The left hand square of the 15 Paisa stamp contains following verse in Urdu from the poet’s book.

Perfecting thy ego, the striking
Power of Moses would thou attain;
On thy path beset with stones
A thousand springs would gush in train.

This verse is printed reverse from the red panel; below this verse the value ‘15 Paisa’ is also shown in reverse lettering.
The left hand square of the Re: 1/- stamp contains a verse in Persian from the poet’s book

Far from singing melodies am I
Mere pretence is this lay of mine;
Back to the straight path I guide,
The unbridled folk gone away.

This verse is printed in reverse from the green panel; below this verse the value ‘Re. 1/-’ is also shown in reverse lettering.
The Commemorative Postage Stamps will be available for sale on and from 21st April, 1967, for a period of three months at all important Post Offices, Philatelic Bureaux and Philatelic Counters and also at some of the Pakistan Diplomatic Mis-sions abroad. Thereafter, if the supplies are still available, they will be sold only at the Philatelic Bureaux and Philatelic Counters.

To observe the death anniversary of Dr. Mohammad Iqbal, the great philosopher-poet and political thinker of the Indo-Pakistan Continent, Pakistan Post Office is issuing a set of two stamps of 15 Paisa and Re. 1 denominations on the 21st April, 1967.

Iqbal was born on November 9, 1877, in Sialkot, a city in West Pakistan on the border of Kashmir. His forefathers, originally of Kashmiri Brahmin descent, had embraced Islam some three hundred years before at the hand of some mystic and Iqbal has time and again referred to himself in his works, as “unique in being Brahmin born but familiar with the mysteries of Rum and Tabrez”. In his early life, he was greatly influenced by his own father, Noor Mohammad, who was a deeply religious man and who had advised Iqbal to read the Quran as if it was being revealed to him. Besides, his teacher, Sayyed Mir Hasan, who was an unassuming but a great scholar of Arabic and Persian literature and was known and respected as a man of strong religious convictions and piety, was greatly instrumental in developing the genius of Iqbal in his formative years for delving deep into religious thought and reaching perfection in Persian and Urdu literature.
On Sayyed Mir Hasan’s advice, who was a great admirer of Syed Ahmad Khan, Iqbal’s father gave him English education and consequ-ently he prosecuted his studies at the Scotch Mission High School, Sial-kot. He later moved to Lahore and joined the Government College. He graduated in Arabic and Philosophy and got his Master of Arts’ degree in Philosophy in 1899 from the Punjab University. Here he was fortu-nate enough to come into contact with Sir Thomas Arnold, who had been in Aligarh before coming over to Lahore. Arnold besides being a great scholar, was a noble and sympathetic spirit. His contribution to the development of Iqbal’s thought is undoubtedly great, as he in-fused in Iqbal the spirit of constant search for truth as well as the urge to unveil the mysteries of life. This fruitful contact between the two allied spirits continued when Iqbal went to Cambridge in 1905 for higher studies. Sir Thomas Arnold is reported to have said, “Though Iqbal is my pupil, I get instructions from his writings.” On his ad-vice, Iqbal went to Germany and received his Doctorate in Philosophy in 1907 from the Munich University for his thesis on The Development of Metaphysics in Persia. In 1908 he was called to the Bar in London. In 1926, and later in 1930, Iqbal was elected President of the Muslim League. In 1931 and 1932 he attended the Round Table Confe-rences in London.

He at one time thought of abandoning the muse and devoting his time to more constructive work, but he was persuaded by Sir Thomas Arnold not to give up poesy. This decision of his proved very beneficial to the people and to the Muslims in particular. It also brought the genius of Iqbal into full play. In later years, he wrote that he did not feel embarras-sed in writing poetry with a message as in a period of hun-dred decades, it is difficult to produce a poet and a mystic like Fariduddin Attar. Iqbal also acknowledges his great debt to Jalaluddin Rumi and considers him as his guide and preceptor.

The political situation in the Indian Sub-Continent in the early years of the twentieth century was highly turbulent. The wave of patriotic feelings and a new born sense of nationalism was having its effect on the people. Iqbal was also influenced by his environments and sang melodious songs about different earthly symbols of this god of nationalism, the echoes of which continued to resound even in England while he was there. But Iqbal’s stay in Europe soon disillusioned him. The partition of Bengal in 1905 by the British and the possibility of the creation of a province where Muslims could be in a majority had evoked violent protests from Hindus and this exposed the hollowness of the national cause and the intolerance with which the Hindus were likely to treat the Muslims. The opera-tion of Nationalism in Europe itself had led to mutual rivalries among nations which were ready to fly at one another’s throat. Nationalism had also weaned away the Muslim peoples in the Middle East from their traditional alignment with and loyalty to their Ummah When this realisation dawned upon Iqbal, a totally new vision arose before his eyes. This was the vision of Man as an embodiment of spiritual and cultural values, the central figure in the whole universe, created in the image of God, to whom everything in the universe was subservient. It was this Man who was being exploited by different ideologies in different garbs. This new vision of Man and his destiny became the starting point of his philosophy. He felt convinced that no ideology, no system of thought, no political or social programme. then existing, gave due recognition to this basic principle except Islam which lays so much emphasis on the worth of the individual. He says:” The Quran in its simple, forceful manner emphasises the individuality and uniqueness of man and has a definite view of his destiny as a unity of life”. It was for the same reason that Islam denounced all distinctions of race, colour, geography, for they all militated against the supreme dignity of Man. To him, maintaining respect of man as man is the only way to alleviate miseries of man-kind. Speaking of the dignity of man, he says in Javed Nama

It is Man who gives value to the universe,
Man by following the golden mean provides the standard of values.
The phenomenal world becomes lost in Man
While Man can never be lost in the world.
It is Man’s self-display which manifests sun and moon
Even Gabriel has no access to his experience.
Man is loftier than the heavens,
The very basis of civilization is respect for Man.

He also firmly believed in the freedom of the human ego and its perfection through self-knowledge, self-affirmation and self-purifi-cation based on the love of God and man. In one of his letters to Dr. Nicholson, Iqbal elucidated his stand-point thus : “The humani-tarian ideal is always universal but if you (wish to) make it an effective ideal and work it out in actual life, you must start, not with poets and philosophers, but with a society exclusive in the sense of having a creed and well-defined outline, but ever enlarging its limits by example and persuasion. Such a society, according to my belief, is Islam”. In short, his philosophy of the ego, the idea of a superman who is not an embodiment of lust for power but a true image of God on earth, the concept of an ideal society that would cater to ‘the spiritual and material welfare of mankind and his clarion call for elimination of divisive forces of nationalism and racialism, and establishment of human brotherhood, equality and freedom as based on the ethical ideal of Tauhid, were put forth with great vigour and found a ready acceptance.

He embodied the above concepts in his poetical works in Persian beginning with Asrar-I-Khudi and Ramuz-i-Bekhudi which were continued in his great work Javed Nama, that contains Iqbal’s mature thought and represents his philosophy fully. In prose, his monumental work is Reconstruction of Religious thought in Islam, consisting of 7 lectures (since translated into Arabic, Turkish, Bengali and Urdu), written to meet the demand of modern man “for a scientific form of religious knowledge . . . attempting to reconstruct Muslim religious philosophy with due regard to the philosophical traditions of Islam and the more recent developments in the various domains of human knowledge.” His other works in Persian are Piyam-i-Mashriq (Message of the East), Zabur-i-Ajam, Musafir, Pas Che Bayed Kard and Armoghan-i-Hijaz (partly in Urdu). Most of these works have been translated into foreign languages, such as, German and English. Among his Urdu works, besides the Bang-i-Dara, already mentioned, are Bal-i-Jibril and Zarb-i-Kalim in which he has expressed his views in beautiful and exquisite verse on philosophical, social and political themes. Iqbal even conceived the idea of comity of people of the East and declared that if Tehran could become the Geneva of the East, the destiny of the whole world might possibly change. We find the echo of this idea in the Establishment of the R.C.D. between Turkey, Iran and Pakistan.

Iqbal was not, however, merely a philosopher and an intellectual. He believed in constant action and strife cemented with a firm faith in God and a world conquering love for man. His contribution towards Muslim renaissance had been truly remarkable. His insight into the history of the Muslim people and the causes which led to their decline have proved perfectly correct. He found the people around him weighed down heavily by the burden of old traditions that had totally lost their relevance and significance and by his poetry roused them from slumber, gave them the zest for new life of progressive advance-ment, constant strife and endeavour for the realization of spiritual values that had been the sacred heritage of mankind. He exhorted them (verses in Urdu)

In the political field, he stood for a state that was democratic and socialistic. In one of his letters to the Quaid-i-Azam, Iqbal says, “For Islam, the acceptance of social democracy in some suit-able form and consistent with the legal principles of Islam is a return to the original purity of Islam.” Like the Quaid-i-Azam, Iqbal tried to solve the political problem of the sub-continent consis-tent with the interests of the Muslim community. But all attempts, to discover some principle of internal harmony whereby both the communities of the sub-continent could live peacefully and harmoni-ously, totally failed. With a penetrating insight, Iqbal was able to realise the consequences of this stalemate for the future welfare of the Muslims. It was this realization that forced him to declare in 1930, presiding over the annual session of the Muslim League, “The Muslim demand for the creation of a Muslim India within India is, therefore, perfectly justified. I would like to see the Punjab, North--West Frontier Province, Sind and Baluchistan amalgamated into a single State. The formation of a consolidated North-West Indian Muslim State appears to me to be the final destiny of the Muslims, at least of North-West India.... This will eventually solve the problem of India as well as of Asia.”

Later on, in one of his letters to the Quaid-i-Azam, Iqbal also included Bengal in this scheme. Very few people at that time could fully realise the profound significance and the far-reaching consequences of this scheme. It, however, became a~ living reality when in 1940, the Muslim League, in the light of this proposal, formulated its demand for the establishment of Pakistan and the Muslim people responded from the depth of their hearts. It was to be the fulfillment of their destiny in the sub-continent and it became a reality in 1947 when an independent State of Pakistan was born. Iqbal died on April 21, 1938 after a protracted illness of several years with a smile on his face as he had himself said

The significance of his contribution to the renaissance of the. Muslim people not only of the sub-continent but of the. Middle East and elsewhere can be seen in the enthusiasm with which 1~is memory is kept alive everywhere in the world. April 21 has become the sym-bol of our struggle for the regeneration of the world Muslim com-munity so as to realise the basic Islamic ideal of human brotherhood, peace, freedom and security.